Prevalence of motor impairment in autism spectrum disorders

Ming, Xue; Brimacombe, Michael; Wagner, George C.

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2007.03.002

Cited by 502 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…With the introduction of the DSM-5 [2] motor abnormalities seem to figure more prominently in the diagnostic criteria of autism than in its predecessor (DSM-IV [1]). Motor problems have been frequently observed in ASD [3][4][5], and may involve motor planning deficits, motor coordination abnormalities, fine and gross motor skill deficits, clumsiness and postural instability [6][7][8]. A meta-analysis [6] showed large effects for substantial motor coordination deficits in all subtypes of ASD, associated with dysfunctions in cortical and subcortical areas including the motor cortex, supplementary motor area, basal ganglia, and cerebellum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional and sensory contributions to postural sway in children with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional and sensory contributions to postural sway in children with autism spectrum disorder

et al. 2015

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“…3 Although it was once believed that autistic persons had no impairment of motor skills, a growing body of research suggests that hypotonia is common and may be associated with deficits in both fine and gross motor skills. 4 Individuals with non-syndromic or "essential" autism and with few, if any, dysmorphic features are generally considered to be attractive in appearance. Measurements of head circumference in childhood has suggested that approximately 20% of autistic children show a frank macrocephaly of greater than 98% for age and sex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Comorbidities in Autism: Challenges to Diagnosis and Treatment

2010

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Summary:Ever since its original description by Leo Kanner in l943, autism has been generally defined by its clinical characteristics and core symptoms that include impaired social skills, isolated areas of interest, and delayed and disordered language. Over time, it has become apparent that autism is a heterogeneous disorder with regard to its clinical presentation, etiology, underlying neurobiology, and degree of severity. As a result, the termed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has come into common usage. With advancements in clinical care, there has come the appreciation that many ASD children, adolescents, and adults may have medically relevant disorders that may negatively impact their developmental progress and behavior, but which frequently go undetected. Many of these medical conditions are treatable, often resulting in improved developmental gains and quality of life for the patient and family. In addition, the possibility exists that some of these medical conditions may suggest the presence of important genetic and/or biologic markers, which, if identified, can refine our ability to be more precise in categorizing clinical and genetic subtypes within the autism spectrum.

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“…Whilst self-concept inevitably plays a role in enhancing encoding, it has also been suggested that a self-enactment effect results from the additional motoric component of self-performed actions leading to more salient memory traces (Engelkamp & Zimmer, 1985, 1989. Given the motor difficulties (e.g., Ming, Brimacombe & Wagner, 2007) coupled with diminished self-awareness in ASD (see Lind & Bowler, 2010), it may come as little surprise that a number of researchers have reported a diminished or absent self-enactment effect in ASD (e.g., Dunphy-Leli & Wellman, 2012;Farrant, Blades & Boucher, 1998;Hare, Mellor & Azmi, 2007;Millward et al, 2000;Russell & Jarrold, 1999;Wojcik, Allen, Brown & Souchay, 2011). Russell and Jarrold (1999), for example, asked children with ASD, children with moderate learning difficulties (to act as IQ matches for the ASD group) and typically developing children to remember whether they or the experimenter had placed a picture card on a grid, either on their own behalf or on behalf of a doll partner.…”

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Recall of a live and personally experienced eyewitness event by adults with autism spectrum disorder

Maras

Memon

Lambrechts

et al. 2012

J Autism Dev Disord

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to a) extend previous eyewitness research in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using a live and personally experienced event; b) examine whether witnesses with ASD demonstrate a facilitative effect in memory for self-over otherperformed actions; c) explore source monitoring abilities by witnesses with ASD in discriminating who performed which actions within the event. Eighteen high-functioning adults with ASD and 18 age-and IQ-matched typical counterparts participated in a live first aid scenario in which they and the experimenter each performed a number of actions.Participants were subsequently interviewed for their memory of the event using a standard interview procedure with free recall followed by questioning. The ASD group recalled just as many correct details as the comparison group from the event overall, however they made more errors. This was the case across both free recall and questioning phases. Both groups showed a self-enactment effect across both interview phases, recalling more actions that they had performed themselves than actions that the experimenter had performed. However, the ASD group were more likely than their typical comparisons to confuse the source of self- , and some report they make more errors or are less accurate (Maras & Bowler, 2011, but see Bruck et al., 2007Maras & Bowler, 2010, McCrory et al., 2007North et al., 2008).Two studies to date have explored eyewitness testimony by children with ASD using a live event, although the event in these was passively observed rather than enacted. McCrory et al. (2007) used a live classroom event and reported that whilst children with ASD freely recalled around a third less information than typically developing children did, they were no less accurate with regards to the proportion of errors or incorrect details that they reported. Bruck et al. (2007) also reported that ASD children reported fewer correct details than comparison children in response to both free recall and specific questions about a previously witnessed magic show. Of the studies with adults, none to date have used a live eyewitness event, or an event in which the witness has actively participated. This is pertinent given that it is now well established that individuals with ASD experience difficulties in reflecting on the self (e.g., Crane et al., 2009, and see Lind, 2010), which extend to impairments in episodic memory (e.g., Crane & Goddard, 2008;Klein et al., 1999). Indeed, a number of studies have demonstrated that individuals with ASD experience particular difficulties recalling specific and personally experienced autobiographical events (e.g., Bruck et al., 2007;Goddard, Howlin, Dritschel & Patel, 2007). This impairment is in the absence of a personal semantic RUNNING HEAD: Experienced eyewitness events in ASD 5 memory deficit (Crane & Goddard, 2008), indicating that it is a deficit ...

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Prevalence of motor impairment in autism spectrum disorders

Cited by 502 publications

References 24 publications

Attentional and sensory contributions to postural sway in children with autism spectrum disorder

Attentional and sensory contributions to postural sway in children with autism spectrum disorder

Medical Comorbidities in Autism: Challenges to Diagnosis and Treatment

Recall of a live and personally experienced eyewitness event by adults with autism spectrum disorder

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