Prevalence of MS in Iranian Immigrants to British Columbia, Canada

Guimond, Colleen; Dyment, David A.; Ramagopalan, Sreeram; Giovannoni, Gavin; Criscuoli, Maria; Yee, Irene M.; Ebers, George C.; Sadovnick, A. Dessa

doi:10.1007/s00415-009-5417-7

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…By contrast, migrants from an area of lower risk to one of higher risk tend to retain the lower MS risk of their country of origin with no clear age at migration effect [26]. Recent studies of migration patterns, within the USA [31], of Iranians to Sweden [32] and Canada [33], and migration from Africa and Asia to Israel [34], from Asia to the UK [35] and from the UK to Australia [30], have largely confirmed these findings.…”

Section: Population-level Human Studiessupporting

confidence: 50%

The ‘hygiene hypothesis‘ and the Development of Multiple Sclerosis

Posonby¹,

Hughes²,

Lucas³

2011

Neurodegen. Dis. Manage.

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SUMMARY We review evidence linking inadequate microbial exposure in early life to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). There is some supportive, but not conclusive evidence for a role of a hygienic environment in early life and MS. Population-level studies of MS are consistent with the hygiene hypothesis but are limited by methodological issues. Late infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been prospectively associated with MS and must be incorporated into any model where the hygiene hypothesis is implicated in the development of MS. One possibility is that inadequate microbial exposure in early life contributes to a dysregulated host immune response to EBV. Two areas of particular interest include the potential role for helminthic infection in biasing the human immune response away from the immune profile associated with MS and also the role of microbial exposure in training the development of the EBV-specific immune response.

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Section: Population-level Human Studiessupporting

confidence: 50%

The ‘hygiene hypothesis‘ and the Development of Multiple Sclerosis

Posonby¹,

Hughes²,

Lucas³

2011

Neurodegen. Dis. Manage.

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“…These findings suggest that people from the Middle East have a greater genetic susceptibility for MS. The increased risk of MS after migration in Iranian immigrants has been replicated in studies from Sweden and Canada . In these studies, the prevalence in the Iranian immigrant populations was even higher than in the indigenous Swedish and Canadian populations, respectively.…”

Section: Immigrant Population Studiesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Socio-economic factors and immigrant population studies of multiple sclerosis

Berg‐Hansen

Celius

2015

Acta Neurol Scand

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“…Also, this study noted that Iranian patients were similar to the Norwegian population in terms of genetic susceptibility [29] . Furthermore the crude prevalence of 79/100,000 was reported for Iranian immigrants to British Columbia, Canada (with onset in destination) [30] . Even in Gothenburg, Sweden, the risk of MS has been reported to be 1.7 times higher in Iranian immigrants compared to the general population [31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 20-Year Incidence Trend (1989–2008) and Point Prevalence (March 20, 2009) of Multiple Sclerosis in Tehran, Iran: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2011

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Background: The frequency of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still undetermined in Tehran. We conducted this survey to assess the incidence trend and point prevalence of MS on March 20, 2009, in Tehran province, Iran. Methods: Data for patients with a definite diagnosis of MS were obtained from the Iranian MS Society (IMSS). The annual incidence rates were calculated based on year of diagnosis. The prevalence and annual incidence rates were standardized using the WHO (2000–2025) population as a standard. Results: We detected 8,026 definite MS cases that had been registered by the IMSS till the prevalence day. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates increased significantly from 0.68/100,000 in 1989 to 2.93/100,000 in 2008 with its peak (4.58) in 2005. On March 20, 2009, we identified 7,896 prevalent cases (5,888 females and 2,008 males) yielding an age-adjusted prevalence rate of 50.57/100,000 (females: 77.24 and males: 25.54). The female-to-male ratio was 3.11 (95% confidence interval: 2.95–3.27). The age-specific prevalence showed a peak in the group aged 35–39 years in females and in that of 40–44 years in males with a mean (±SD) age of 35.48 (±9.9) years for females and 36.98 (±10.5) years for males. Conclusion: Tehran is a high-risk area for MS disease, and the incidence has dramatically increased over the last 20 years.

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Prevalence of MS in Iranian Immigrants to British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

The ‘hygiene hypothesis‘ and the Development of Multiple Sclerosis

The ‘hygiene hypothesis‘ and the Development of Multiple Sclerosis

Socio-economic factors and immigrant population studies of multiple sclerosis

A 20-Year Incidence Trend (1989–2008) and Point Prevalence (March 20, 2009) of Multiple Sclerosis in Tehran, Iran: A Population-Based Study

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