Prevalence of Multi-Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Children with Urinary Tract Infection from Baghdad, Iraq

Salman, Hamzah Abdulrahman; Alhameedawi, Alaa kamil; Muhamad, Sarah Mohammed Saeed Ghofran; Taha, Zahraa K.

doi:10.48022/mbl.2110.10011

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The resistance rate in this study showed a higher resistance rate compared to many studies conducted in our locality [15,16]. The setting may have contributed to this, as the patients in this study underwent culture and sensitivity tests following treatment failure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Progression of Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogens over Five Years: A Retrospective Study in Nineveh, Iraq

Akram Yahya,

Ibrahim,

Azeez

et al. 2024

amj

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Background: Antibiotic resistance arises due to the overuse of antibiotics, leading to bacterial strains becoming resistant to previously effective treatments. This can result in infections that are harder to treat and can lead to longer hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and even mortality. Objectives: To determine the most common bacterial uropathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics among patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Materials and methods: In Mosul, Iraq, researchers conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs. In this study, researchers collected and analyzed urine samples from three centers that conducted culture and sensitivity tests over five years, from January 2018 to December 2022. Results: Of the 1326 urine samples collected during the study period, 1265 (95.5%) showed significant bacteriuria caused by a variety of bacterial strains, with Escherichia coli being the most common. The study evaluated the effectiveness of 21 antibiotics frequently used to treat UTIs against the identified bacterial strains. The results indicated that only a limited number of antibiotics have shown effectiveness against particular strains of Escherichia coli, with a mere 10 out of the 21 drugs exhibiting significant antibacterial efficiency. The presence of bacterial resistance to all tested antibiotics was observed, indicating a significant prevalence of antibiotic resistance and a decline in the availability of effective antibiotics. Conclusion: This study revealed a concerning rise in antibiotic resistance in bacterial strains responsible for UTIs, as well as multidrug resistance, especially among gram-negative bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Progression of Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogens over Five Years: A Retrospective Study in Nineveh, Iraq

Akram Yahya,

Ibrahim,

Azeez

et al. 2024

amj

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“…In the last decades bacterial infections have become one of the most biggest threats to human health and food security globally [47,48]. Several studies indicated a rapid and uncontrolled spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria among Iraqi patients [49][50][51]. Local studies identified the contamination of Iraqi rivers water with antibiotic-resistant bacteria [52].…”

Section: One-step Growth Curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Bacteriophage with Lytic Activity against Multidrug Resistant E. coli

Abdulhussein¹,

Abdulsattar²

2023

Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science

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Escherichia coli strains are increasingly becoming resistant to antibiotics and emerging globally. Bacteriophage is re-explored for the development of an alternative and safe agent to control a bacterial infection, especially with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Here, we reported the identification of AAA1 phage from a sewage site near Baghdad’s Medical City. Morphological analysis using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) suggested that the AAA1 phage had an icosahedral head of width ~ 70 nm and a non-contractile tail of ~ 400 nm belonging to the Siphoviridae family from the Caudovirales order. The plaque observation showed that plaques size and shape differ after prolonged incubation. The optimal multiplicity of infection was 0.1. The one-step growth curve was assessed and the result showed that AAA1 latent period was 10 minutes; burst size was 93PFU/cell and the burst period of 30 minutes. Based on characteristics, AAA1 phage is a potential candidate to control MDR E. coli infection.

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“…In this study, 140 E. coli isolates (63.6 %) were obtained, suggesting that E. coli was the primary cause of UTIs. When they isolated E. coli from UTIs in Iraq, [15,16] reported that E. coli was the most prevalent agent, with percentages of 56 % and 42 %, respectively.…”

Section: Isolation Of Sample and Identification Of E Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Eugenol in Combination with Fosfomycin to Combat Escherichia coli and Potential Effect on Plasmid‐Mediated Fosfomycin Resistance Genes

Attaallah Ibrahim,

Kadhim Mohammed

2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The presence of multidrug‐resistant pathogenic microorganisms makes it challenging to cure bacterial illnesses. Syzygium aromaticum has been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential synergistic effect of the combination of Eugenol and Fosfomycin against clinically Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and their possible co‐treatment as well as their contribution to plasmid‐mediated Fosfomycin resistance (fosA3 and fosA4) genes using molecular assays. Eugenol was extracted from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) plants using steam distillation by Clevenger and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). UPEC accounted for 63.6% of all isolates. Specifically, 99.3% of the UPEC isolates exhibited resistance to multiple types of antibiotics [multidrug‐resistant (MDR)]. The MIC for Eugenol was 1.25‐5 µg/mL, and Fosfomycin was 512‐1024 µg/mL, while the MBC for Eugenol was 5‐10 µg/mL and Fosfomycin was 2048 µg/mL. The synergistic effects were considerable, with 1/4 MIC of Eugenol resulting in 1/8 MIC Fosfomycin. Eugenol inhibited most of the UPEC isolates at 4‐8 hours, Fosfomycin at 8‐12 hours, and co‐treatment at 4‐8 hours. The fosA3 and fosA4 genes were detected in 5.7% and 2.9% of the isolates, respectively. The results showed variable gene expression changes in response to the different treatments.

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Prevalence of Multi-Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Children with Urinary Tract Infection from Baghdad, Iraq

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Progression of Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogens over Five Years: A Retrospective Study in Nineveh, Iraq

Progression of Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogens over Five Years: A Retrospective Study in Nineveh, Iraq

Identification and Characterization of a Bacteriophage with Lytic Activity against Multidrug Resistant E. coli

Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Eugenol in Combination with Fosfomycin to Combat Escherichia coli and Potential Effect on Plasmid‐Mediated Fosfomycin Resistance Genes

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