Prevalence of Multi-Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species obtained from a Tertiary Medical Institution in Oyo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The development of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria which are the major cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide, had been increasing. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. had become more resistant to different classes of antibiotics, and the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria had developed into a challenge in both developed and developing countries. This study had determined the multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. isolated from clinical inpatient and outpatient samples. Method: The present study had used 50 E. coli and 48 Klebsiella sp. isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility test had been carried out by using disk diffusion method, and the interpretation of results of the zones of inhibition had accorded with Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The antibiotics used had included the following: streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, amikacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, cefepime, oxacillin, colistin sulfate, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, pefloxacine, and cloxacillin. Results: E. coli and K. pneumoniae had shown high-resistance patterns. E. coli had exhibited high resistance against cloxacillin (96%), oxacillin (96%), erythromycin (88%), and most especially streptomycin (98%). Similarly, K. pneumoniae had presented a high resistance to streptomycin (88%), cloxacillin (92%), oxacillin (92%), and colistin (92%). E. coli had presented the highest multidrug resistance with a MAR index of 1.00. A total of 17 E. coli isolates had shown resistance to the 14 antibiotics tested. Conclusion: E. coli and Klebsiella sp. in clinical isolates in outpatients and inpatients in Ibadan, Western Nigeria had demonstrated high antimicrobial resistance. Thus, such condition should be considered a major public health concern, and measures must be taken to establish the sources and drivers of this problem.

The Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae with Reduced Susceptibility against Third Generation Cephalosporins and Carbapenems in Lagos Hospitals, Nigeria

“…It represented 14% of isolated bacteria, and most of the isolates were MDR and exhibited ESBL and carbapenemase activities [ 14 ]. Examination of 48 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from Medical Institution in Oyo State, Nigeria, showed resistance in 88% of isolates to streptomycin and in 92% to cloxacillin, oxacillin, and colistin [ 15 ].…”

Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Hotspot Environments in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern Ethiopia

“…were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime but susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin. 32 Ayandele et al 33 also reported resistances of 87.5%, 68.75%, and 58.38% for streptomycin, gentamycin, and amikacin, respectively.…”

Microbial contamination and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from sorghum and millet derived local beverage (Obushera) consumed in Mbarara City, Uganda

“…Multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR) is an effective method used in tracking sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Ayandele et al, 2020). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices were calculated as a/(bxc) whereby a represented the aggregate of all antibiotic resistance scores of all the bacteria, b represented the total number of antibiotics used, and c was the number of the isolates.…”