Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis LAM family in the worldwide population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) can occur in different ways. Furthermore, drug resistant in M. tuberculosis family is a major problem that creates obstacles in treatment and control of tuberculosis (TB) in the world. One of the most prevalent families of M. tuberculosis is Haarlem, and it is associated with drug resistant. Our objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and occurrence rate of M. tuberculosis Haarlem family multi-drug resistant (MDR) in the worldwide using meta-analysis based on a systematic review that performed on published articles. Materials and Methods: Data sources of this study were 78 original articles (2002-2012) that were published in the literatures in several databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Biological abstracts, ISI web of knowledge and IranMedex. The articles were systematically reviewed for prevalence and rate of MDR. Data were analyzed using meta-analysis and random effects models with the software package Meta R, Version 2.13 ( P < 0.10). Results: Final analysis included 28601 persons in 78 articles. The highest and lowest occurrence rate of Haarlem family in M. tuberculosis was in Hungary in 2006 (66.20%) with negative MDR-TB and in China in 2010 (0.8%), respectively. From 2002 to 2012, the lowest rate of prevalence was in 2010, and the highest prevalence rate was in 2012. Also 1.076% were positive for MDR and 9.22% were negative (confidence interval: 95%).0020. Conclusion: Many articles and studies are performed in this field globally, and we only chose some of them. Further studies are needed to be done in this field. Our study showed that M. tuberculosis Haarlem family is prevalent in European countries. According to the presence of MDR that was seen in our results, effective control programs are needed to control the spread of drug-resistant strains, especially Haarlem family.

Frequency of Codon 306 Mutations in embB Gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resistant to Ethambutol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The following data were extracted from original publications: a number of cases, websites, author, study location, year of the research, sample size, prevalence of embB 306, and occurrence of mutations (yes or no). [ 2 ]…”

“…Excluded studies were as follows: 1) review and meta-analysis articles; 2) congress abstracts; 3) studies that were in languages other than English (abstract in English was acceptable); 4) studies that were not available for the authors in abstract or full-text; 5) studies that their sampling location and time of the study was unclear; 6) studies that were performed at the location of sampling and immediately after it; 7) studies that their data were not clear; and 8) letters to editors. [ 2 ]…”

“…Eight million new TB cases are reported each year and over 2 million deaths are caused by M. tuberculosis . [ 1 2 ] The human populations with TB are a major reservoir for the transmission of this disease. Drugs that are used to treat TB include first-line drugs (isoniazid [INH], rifampicin [RIF], pyrazinamide [PZA], ethambutol [EMB], and streptomycin [STR]) and alternative or second-line agents (aminoglycosides such as kanamycin [KAN] and amikacin [AMK], fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin [CIP], D-cycloserine [DCS], and ethionamide [ETA], polypeptides such as capreomycin [CAP]).…”

“…[ 15 ] According to different reports by researchers, MDR-TB has been observed in 3.7% of the new cases and it is a major problem in TB treatment and control. [ 2 14 ] On the other hand, in MDR-TB, 50–70% are EMB-resistant and harbor mutations in codon 306 in embB genes. [ 14 ] Moreover, drug resistance is rising in EMB-resistant M. tuberculosis , especially with mutations in codon 306 in embB genes.…”

Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Identification from Presumptive Tuberculosis Cases in Oaxaca, Mexico

“…The Haarlem sub-lineage has been linked with drugresistance and clonal expansion (Ramazanzadeh et al, 2015). We found that in "Papaloapan" region two of the three Haarlem isolates characterized were resistant to all drugs tested, in contrast with the isolates belonging to "Mixteca" region that were pan-susceptible.…”