Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among HIV Infected Children

Nadagir, Shobha D.; Bahadur, Abdul Kaleem; Shepur, T. A.

doi:10.1007/s12098-010-0313-9

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mycoplasmas tend to cause more severe and prolonged infections in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cases and other immunodeficient subjects. An Indian study by Nadagir et al 28 reported 32.2 per cent M. pneumoniae infection among HIV-seropositive children with respiratory tract infection. In these patients, early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment of M. pneumoniae infection may prevent CD4 cells depletion further and speedy progression to AIDS 28 .…”

Section: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae With Community-acquired Lowermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Indian study by Nadagir et al 28 reported 32.2 per cent M. pneumoniae infection among HIV-seropositive children with respiratory tract infection. In these patients, early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment of M. pneumoniae infection may prevent CD4 cells depletion further and speedy progression to AIDS 28 . Seroprevalence study among HIV-positive patients with pulmonary symptoms by Shankar et al 29 reported 21 per cent prevalence of M. pneumoniae IgM antibody by ELISA, and among 34 per cent of the cases screened, non-specific diagnosis was confirmed.…”

Section: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae With Community-acquired Lowermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections

Kumar

2018

Indian J Med Res

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Lower respiratory tract infections are considered a common cause responsible for morbidity and mortality among children, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae is identified to be responsible for up to 40 per cent of community-acquired pneumonia in children greater than five years of age. Extrapulmonary manifestations have been reported either due to spread of infection or autoimmune mechanisms. Infection by M. pneumoniae has high incidence and clinical importance but is still an underrated disease. Most widely used serologic methods are enzyme immunoassays for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG and IgA antibodies to M. pneumoniae, though other methods such as particle agglutination assays and immunofluorescence methods are also used. Detection of M. pneumoniae by nucleic acid amplification techniques provides fast, sensitive and specific results. Utilization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has improved the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections. Besides PCR, other alternative amplification techniques include (i) nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, (ii) Qβ replicase amplification, (iii) strand displacement amplification, (iv) transcription-mediated amplification, and (v) ligase chain reaction. Macrolides are used as the first-line treatment in childhood for M. pneumoniae infections; however, emergence of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae is a cause of concern. Development of a safe vaccine is important that gives protective immunity and would be a major step in reducing M. pneumoniae infections.

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Section: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae With Community-acquired Lowermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae With Community-acquired Lowermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections

Kumar

2018

Indian J Med Res

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“…Among the seven patients with immunodeficiency and M. pneumoniae , there were three patients with AIDS, two cases of hypogammaglobulinemia, one case of agammaglobulinemia and one case of hyper-IgE syndrome. In a study in India that included 90 patients with AIDS, M. pneumoniae was detected in 32.3% of this population 47. A case of a patient with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae who had hyper-IgM syndrome has been previously reported 48.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

<p>Detection of <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> in Mexican children with community-acquired pneumonia: experience in a tertiary care hospital</p>

Mérida-Vieyra

Aquino-Andrade²,

Palacios-Reyes³

et al. 2019

IDR

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Purpose: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Information on the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in pediatric patients with CAP in Mexico is limited. The aim of this study was to detect M. pneumoniae in hospitalized pediatric patients with CAP. Patients and methods: We performed a descriptive study in a tertiary-level pediatric reference center, obtaining 154 respiratory samples from patients under 18 years of age and diagnosed with CAP. M. pneumoniae was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the p1 and CARDS genes. Complete blood cell count, measurement of C-reactive protein and detection of IgM and IgG anti-P1 were performed. Clinical, epidemiological and radiological data of the patients were analyzed. Results: M. pneumoniae was detected by real-time PCR in 26.6% of the samples. 39% of the cases occurred during the spring season. A total of 83% of the patients with M. pneumoniae had some underlying disease; renal disease, autoimmune disease and primary immunodeficiencies had a significant association with M. pneumoniae CAP. Children under 6 years of age represented 53.7% of the cases. Fever and cough were the most frequent symptoms. IgM and IgG were positive in 1.9% and 14% of the patients, respectively. In the chest X-ray, 17.1% of the patients showed multifocal alveolar infiltrates pattern. The complications in this series were 26.8%. The mortality in this study was 4.9%. Conclusion: This is the first report in Mexico about M. pneumoniae as a causal agent of CAP in a tertiary care pediatric hospital using real-time PCR and serology. M. pneumoniae was responsible for 26.6% of the cases and was frequent in children under 6 years of age. In addition, we described the clinical presentation in patients with underlying diseases.

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“…Nadagir et al observed a 32% prevalence of M . pneumoniae infections among HIV seropositive children with respiratory manifestations [ 21 ]. Some authors suggested that CD4 + T cell depletion associated with advanced HIV disease may enhance M .…”

Section: Combined Primary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections and Primary Immune Deficiencies

Poddighe

Demirkaya

Sazonov

et al. 2022

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the leading causes of community-acquired pneumonia in children and is also implicated in a variety of reactive extrapulmonary diseases. Recurrent and/or severe respiratory infections are one of the most frequent manifestations of several types of primary immunodeficiency. Here, we reviewed the medical literature to assess the potential relevance of M. pneumoniae in the infections observed in children affected with combined, humoral, and innate primary immune deficiencies. M. pneumoniae does not result to be epidemiologically prevalent as a cause of pneumonia in children affected by primary immunodeficiencies, but this infection can have a persistent or severe course in this category of patients. Indeed, the active search of M. pneumoniae could be useful and appropriate especially in children with humoral immune deficiencies. Indeed, most cases of M. pneumoniae infection in primary immunodeficiencies are described in patients affected by a/hypo-gammaglobulinemia.

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Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae among HIV Infected Children

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections

Mycoplasma pneumoniae: A significant but underrated pathogen in paediatric community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections

<p>Detection of <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> in Mexican children with community-acquired pneumonia: experience in a tertiary care hospital</p>

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections and Primary Immune Deficiencies

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