Prevalence of Mycoplasmosis and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Commercial Chicken Flocks of Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan

Abstract

Involvement of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in respiratory disease in commercial chicken showing respiratory signs was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 124 suspected cases, 50 (40.32%) were found to be positive for MG and 17 (13.70%) were positive for MS. The MG isolates were recovered from birds and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by the broth microdilution method. Tilmicosin with MIC90 and MIC50 values of 3.12 and 6.25 µg/ml were found to be the most effective drug, followed by tylosin, erythromycin and enrofloxacin, all of which gave MIC90 and MIC50 values of 6.25 and 12.5 µg/ml respectively. Oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were found to be the least effective drugs and the MIC90 value for both these antibiotics was 100.0. The MIC values for various antibiotics recorded in this study were generally higher compared to those found in previous investigations.

Systemic immunity of chickens with respiratory mycoplasmosis at poultry farms with various production

“…Muhammad et al (2018) in the study ELISA method of serum from birds with characteristic of respiratory mycoplasmosis clinical signs, stated that 72% of samples were positive for the presence of antibodies to MG, and from clinically healthy birds 28% of samples. Khatoon et al (2018). also indicates a high infection rate of MG chickens in commercial poultry.…”

“…Macroscopic and microscopic changes in organs and tissues consisted of swelling of the tracheal epithelium and the presence of necrosis, loss of the eyelashes and mucous layer covering the entire trachea. In the lungs, congestion, hemorrhage, focal necrosis, and leukocyte infiltration, especially due to lymphocytes (Borkhsenius et al, 2002;Rottem, 2003;Islam et al, 2011;Majumder et al, 2014;Ron et al, 2015;Majumder & Silbart, 2016;Mathis & Ackermann, 2016;Thilagavathi et al, 2016;Khatoon et al, 2018;Muhammad et al, 2018). In studying the immune status of 30-day-old chickens in patients with respiratory mycoplasmosis, we established the prevalence of the cellular level of immunity.…”

“…The use of immunological methods makes it possible to evaluate the state of humoral and cellular immunity by the differential characteristic of the functional activity of T and B systems, taking into account the relative and absolute number of circulating lymphocytes (Borkhsenius et al, 2002;Ahmad et al, 2008;Gavrylin et al, 2011). Currently, there are no generally accepted and informative methods of monitoring and diagnosis of the development and condition of bird immune system in poultry farms with various production and intensity of human activity (Khatoon et al, 2018;Muhammad et al, 2018). The influence of mycoplasma and associates on the immune status of the bird organism has not yet been fully disclosed, which is of interest not only to scientists but also to practitioners.…”

Macroscopic and microscopic characterization of mycoplasmosis in commercial chickens in Barishal, Bangladesh

“…Postmortem examination reveals mucopurulent exudates in nasal cavities, trachea, and bronchi, fibrinopurulent pericarditis and peri hepatitis. Serological (ELISA) and molecular diagnostic protocol (PCR) have been recognized and practiced for sensitive and confirmatory diagnosis but isolation and identification is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Mycoplasmosis (Khatoon et al, 2018). However, during field practice necropsy has been considering the major techniques for diagnosis of poultry disease in Bangladesh.…”

“…The prevalence of diseases in a particular area depends on several factors like geographical condition, management practices by the farmer, bio-security and immunization status of the farm and quality of the chicks (Badruzzaman et al, 2015). Histopathological assessment of local outbreak of infectious diseases in poultry is important to mitigate economic losses in farming system (Khatoon et al, 2018). Barishal is located at the southern part of Bangladesh.…”