Prevalence of nasal carriage of S aureus in children

L, Lucia Preoţescu; Streinu-Cercel, Oana

doi:10.11599/germs.2013.1035

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In this study, the S. aureus nasopharyngeal carriage rate (19.4%) in children in Eastern Uganda was found to be high but it falls within the reported estimates for children i.e. 18.12%-38.5% [4]. The MRSA carriage rate (6.1%) was also high and comparable to estimates for adult patients at Mulago Hospital in Kampala city [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children less than 5 years in Eastern Uganda

Kateete

Asiimwe

Mayanja

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus carriage is a known risk factor for staphylococcal disease. However, the carriage rates vary by country, demographic group and profession. This study aimed to determine the S. aureus carriage rate in children in Eastern Uganda, and identify S. aureus lineages that cause infection in Uganda. Methods: Nasopharyngeal samples from 742 healthy children less than 5 years residing in the Iganga/Mayuge Health & Demographic Surveillance Site in Eastern Uganda were processed for isolation of S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing based on minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by the BD PhoenixTM system. Genotyping was performed by spa typing. Results: The processed samples yielded 144 S. aureus isolates (one per child) therefore, the S. aureus carriage rate in children was 19.4% (144/742). Thirty one percent (45/144) of the isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) yielding a carriage rate of 6.1% (45/742). All isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid. Moreover, all MRSA were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and clindamycin. Compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (68.8%, 99/144), MRSA isolates were more resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials –trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 73.3% (33/45) vs. 27.3% (27/99) [P<0.0001]; erythromycin 75.6% (34/45) vs. 24.2% (24/99) [P<0.0001]; chloramphenicol 60% (27/45) vs. 19.2% (19/99) [P<0.0001]; gentamicin 55.6% (25/45) vs. 25.3% (25/99) [P=0.0004]; and ciprofloxacin 35.6% (16/45) vs. 2% (2/99) [P<0.0001]. Furthermore, 42 MRSA (93.3%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and one exhibited high-level resistance to mupirocin. Overall, 61 MSSA (61.6%) were MDR, including three mupirocin and clindamycin resistant isolates. Seven spa types were detected in MRSA, of which t037 & t064 were predominant and associated with SCCmec types I & IV, respectively. Fourteen spa types were detected in MSSA, of which t645 & t4353 were predominant. Conclusions: S. aureus carriage rate in healthy children in Eastern Uganda is high and comparable to rates for hospitalized patients in Kampala. The detection of mupirocin resistance is worrying as it could rapidly increase if mupirocin is administered in a low-income setting. S. aureus strains of spa types t064, t037 (MRSA) and t645, t4353 (MSSA) are prevalent and could be responsible for majority of staphylococcal infections in Uganda.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The MRSA carriage rate was higher than the reported rates for other children in developed countries (i.e. 0.8%-1.5%) [4,33] [1]. The demographic characteristics typical of the children sampled were described previously [10,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children less than 5 years in Eastern Uganda

Kateete

Asiimwe

Mayanja

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The anterior nares and nasopharynx are the most important sites for S. aureus colonization in humans [17]. Generally, the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage ranges from 20% to 30% however, it varies by country, profession and demographic group [16,18]. Notably, these estimates are from developed countries and their applicability to African settings where antimicrobial surveillance and infection control practices are inadequate/nonexistent [19], is debatable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and drug susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children under 5 years in eastern Uganda

Kateete

Asiimwe

Mayanja

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Staphylococcus aureus carriage is a known risk factor for staphylococcal disease. However, the carriage rates vary by country, demographic group, etc. This study aimed to determine the S. aureus carriage rate in Ugandan children, and track Staphylococcus strains that can cause infection in Uganda. Methods Nasopharyngeal samples (one per child) from 742 healthy children under 5 years living in Iganga/Mayuge Health & Demographic Surveillance Site in eastern Uganda were processed for isolation of S. aureus. Genotyping was performed by spa typing and pulse field gel electrophoresis. Results The processed samples yielded 144 S. aureus isolates (one per sample/child) therefore, the S. aureus carriage rate in the children was 19.4% (144/742). Further, 45 (31.3%, 45/144) of the isolates were methicillin resistant (MRSA) yielding a carriage rate of 6.1% (45/742). All MRSA isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid and clindamycin however, compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (68.8%, 99/144), MRSA were more resistant to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials –tetracycline (91.1%, 41/45), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (73.3%, 33/45), erythromycin (75.6%, 34/99), chloramphenicol (60%, 19/99), gentamicin (55.6%, 25/45) and ciprofloxacin (35.6%, 16/45). Furthermore, an MRSA isolate was mupirocin resistant and 42 (93.3%, 42/45) were multidrug resistant (MDR); three (3%, 3/99) MSSA isolates were mupirocin and clindamycin resistant while 61 (61.6%, 61/99) were MDR. All MSSA/MRSA isolates were susceptible to rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid but only two were pan-susceptible to the tested antibiotics. Seven spa types were detected in MRSA, of which t064 & t037 were predominant and associated with SCCmec types I & IV, respectively. Fourteen spa types were detected in MSSA, of which t645 & t4353 were predominant. Conclusions S. aureus (MSSA/MRSA) carriage rate in children in rural eastern Uganda is high and comparable to rates for hospitalized patients in Kampala city. Detection of mupirocin resistance is worrying as it could rapidly increase in a low-income setting should mupirocin be used for staphylococcal decolonization. Further, S. aureus strains of spa types t064, t037, t645 & t4353 are prevalent and could be responsible for majority of staphylococcal infections in Uganda.

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“…There are a large number of host characteristics and environmental factors that can predispose to colonization results, such as timeline (for example the risk of disseminating S. aureus in the air increases during viral upper respiratory infections, and infection outbreaks may occur in spring or autumn) of sample collection, age of individuals, characteristics of their environment (being in a day care centers, kindergartens, schools or other households), amount of contact with carriers, immunological status of study subjects, technological methods for diagnosis, and so on. [4] and sometimes S. aureus colonization was negatively associated with other strains of staphylococcus such as S. epidermidis [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University

Dormanesh¹

2018

PNBOA

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Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is common and one of the common sites (20-30%) is in the nose. On the other hand, it is a known cause for wide range of infectious disease. In current study, we evaluated the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nostril of kids, in2 groups, first whose mothers were working in a hospital and second whose mothers were on other jobs in the kindergartens at the AJA University in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all children aged 1-6 years were included. The demographic information was collected and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from nasal swabs via standard microbiologic methods. Result: In this study, 120 children were examined. The mean age of these children was 4.03 ± 1.04 years. Male: female ratio was 1.18:1. 76 (63 %) mothers were hospital's staffs and 55% had direct contact with the patients. Nasal cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus in 24 (20%) samples, of which 4 (3.3%) were MRSA. there was no relation between age and sex of kids and also their mother jobs with positive results. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is still a common human pathogen with a considerable morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be seen in nasal carriers and it is important to consider hygiene and parents job when we have kids in a day care centre such as kindergartens.

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Prevalence of nasal carriage of S aureus in children

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children less than 5 years in Eastern Uganda

Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children less than 5 years in Eastern Uganda

Nasopharyngeal carriage, spa types and drug susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy children under 5 years in eastern Uganda

Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University

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