Prevalence of nematodes in Danish industrialized sow farms with loose housed sows in dynamic groups

Haugegaard, John

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.10.009

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…stimulate only limited immunity, which moderately regulates the intestinal worm burdens (Roepstorff and Nansen 1994). Thus, as observed in this study, sows had the highest worm burdens and similar observations have been reported in other studies (Tamboura et al 2006;Haugegaard 2010). Effective control strategies against this worm should be targeted towards sows since they are kept for several years on a farm (Kagira et al 2010) and may act as source of infection for piglets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The recorded occurrence of the six nematode species was higher than that reported in indoor kept pigs in Kenya (Kagira et al 2008) and Scandinavian countries (Haugegaard 2010) but was close to that reported in semi-intensively kept pigs 2,000-2,900 31 (10%) 22 (7%) 3 (1%) 5 (2%) 0 (0%) 1 (<1%) 3,000-3,900 8(3%) 8 (3%) 5 (2%) 1 (<1%) 0 (0%) 0 (%) 4,000-4,900 15 (5%) 8 (3%) 4 (1%) 0 (0%) 2 (1%) 0 (0%) 5,000 and more 30 (10%) 6 (2%) 13 (4%) 1 (<1%) 2 (1%) 0 (0%) in Uganda (Nissen et al 2011). This can be attributed to the higher risk of parasite infection in pigs kept under the traditional system where animals are often kept tethered or allowed to scavenge for feed in environments that may be contaminated with parasite eggs and larva.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya

Kagira¹,

Kanyari

Githigia

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Nematode infections are a serious constraint to pig production, especially where free range pig keeping is practiced. This study investigated the epidemiology of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. Three hundred and six pigs from 135 farms were sampled for faeces that were analysed for nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces using the McMaster technique. The nematode eggs were also identified to genus and species based on morphology. A questionnaire on risk factors was also administered to the pig owners. The overall prevalence and mean nematode EPG were 84.2% and 2,355, respectively. The nematode eggs were identified as those belonging to Oesophagostomum spp. (75%), Strongyloides ransomi (37%), Ascaris suum (18%), Metastrongylus spp. (11%), Trichuris suis (7%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (3%). The prevalence of nematodes was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of rainfall in the division of the pigs' origin (all nematodes except S. ransomi). The prevalence of nematodes was also associated with the age of the pigs. A lower burden of nematodes was associated (p < 0.05) with a history of deworming (A. suum) and the provision of night housing (S. ransomi and Metastrongylus spp.). In conclusion, this study has provided information on nematode infections and the associated risk factors for free range pigs in Busia District, which can be used when implementing integrated control measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya

Kagira¹,

Kanyari

Githigia

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…within these herds (Haugegaard, 2010) and an outbreak of strongyloidiosis has been observed (Haugegaard, personal communication). If this partly anecdotal evidence holds true, then the only means left for helminth control in the modern production units with a higher level of animal welfare, is regular drug treatment.…”

Section: Helminth Challenges In Relation To New Trends In Indoor Pig mentioning

confidence: 98%

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

Roepstorff

Mejer

Nejsum

et al. 2011

Veterinary Parasitology

148

101

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a b s t r a c tHelminths in pigs have generally received little attention from veterinary parasitologists, despite Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, and Oesophagostomum sp. being common worldwide. The present paper presents challenges and current research highlights connected with these parasites.In Danish swine herds, new indoor production systems may favour helminth transmission and growing knowledge on pasture survival and infectivity of A. suum and T. suis eggs indicates that they may constitute a serious threat to outdoor pig production. Furthermore, it is now evident that A. suum is zoonotic and the same may be true for T. suis. With these 'new' challenges and the economic impact of the infections, further research is warranted. Better understanding of host-parasite relationships and A. suum and T. suis egg ecology may also improve the understanding and control of human A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections.The population dynamics of the three parasites are well documented and may be used to study phenomena, such as predisposition and worm aggregation. Furthermore, better methods to recover larvae have provided tools for quantifying parasite transmission. Thus, an on-going study using helminth naïve tracer pigs has surprisingly demonstrated that soil infectivity with A. suum and T. suis increases during the first 2-3 years after pasture contamination.Though all three helminth species stimulate the Th2 arm of the immune system, Oesophagostomum seems weakly immunogenic, perhaps via specific modulation of the host immune system. A. suum and T. suis potently modulate the host immune response, up-regulating Th2 and down-regulating Th1. As a consequence, A. suum may compromise the efficacy of certain bacterial vaccines, whereas T. suis, which establish only short-term in humans, is a favourite candidate for down-regulating autoimmune Th1-related diseases in man.Some basic research findings have offered new possibilities for future sustainable control measures. For example, the heredity of host resistance to A. suum and T. suis is so high that breeding for resistant pigs may be a possibility. Experimental studies have demonstrated that fermentable dietary carbohydrates have an antagonistic effect on Oesophagostomum and to a lesser extent on T. suis and A. suum, whereas egg-destroying microfungi may be used to inactivate the hard-shelled A. suum and T. suis eggs in the environment.Helminth control in Denmark has previously relied solely on anthelmintic treatment in herds with low helminth transmission. When indoor transmission rates * Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 3533 2746. increase, or in outdoor herds with high pasture contamination levels, medication may advantageously be combined with sustainable control measures, such as selected pig genomes, bioactive forages, and egg-destroying microfungi.

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“…Such losses are incurred as a result of: low growth rates, compromised alimentary conversion the animals, increased susceptibility to secondary infections, and increased quantity of condemned flesh at time of slaughter (Haugegaard 2010;Lai et al 2011). Among these parasites, gastrointestinal helminthes are far more prevalent than any other group, being represented by the genera Ascaris, Oesophagostomum, Strongyloides, Trichuris, and Metastrongylus spp., each having a specific geographical area of prevalence (Boes et al 2000;Haugegaard 2010;Lai et al 2011). Nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum have a worldwide distribution, with principal etiological species infecting pigs being Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum (Lin et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nematodes of the genus Oesophagostomum have a worldwide distribution, with principal etiological species infecting pigs being Oesophagostomum dentatum and Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum (Lin et al 2008). In Denmark, Haugegaard (2010) reported that in a study conducted on 79 farms, 15% were infected with Oesophagostomum spp., and in some farms, the prevalence rate for this nematode has reached 50%. The mode of infection is principally characterized by oral ingestion of infectious larvae (L 3 ) found in contaminated environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

Ferreira

Araújo

Braga

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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One isolate of predator fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) was assessed in vitro regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through pigs' gastrointestinal tract without loss of the ability of preying infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. Fungal isolates survived the passage and were efficient in preying L(3) since the first 8 h of collection (p < 0.01) in relation to the control group (without fungus). Compared with control, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) of 59.6% (8 h), 71.7% (12 h), 76.8% (24 h), 81.0% (36 h), 78.0% (48 h), 76.1% (72 h), and 82.7% (96 h) in means of infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. recovered from treatments with isolate AC001. Linear regression coefficients of L(3) of recovered Oesophagostomum spp. regarding the collections due to time were -0.621 for control, -1.40 for AC001, and -2.64 for NF34. Fungi D. flagrans (AC001) had demonstrated to be promising for use in the biological control of pig parasite Oesophagostomum spp.

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Prevalence of nematodes in Danish industrialized sow farms with loose housed sows in dynamic groups

Cited by 30 publications

References 5 publications

Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya

Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya

Helminth parasites in pigs: New challenges in pig production and current research highlights

In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

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