Prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance in a rural and an urban population in Cameroon

Mbanya, Jean Claude; Ngogang, Jeanne; Salah, JN; Minkoulou, EM; Balkau, Beverley

doi:10.1007/s001250050755

Cited by 119 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The 4% prevalence of diabetes and 18% prevalence of IGT in the offspring of type 2 diabetic parents is four and nine times greater, respectively, than that in the general population, which is estimated to be 1 and 2% in urban Cameroon (10).…”

Section: Results -mentioning

confidence: 83%

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Reduced insulin secretion in offspring of African type 2 diabetic parents.

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE -To determine the early biochemical predictors of increased susceptibility to develop diabetes in offspring of African type 2 diabetic parents.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 69 offspring (case subjects) of 26 families in Cameroon with at least one type 2 diabetic parent were studied, and 62 offspring (control subjects) from 25 families in Cameroon with no parent with type 2 diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Early insulin secretion was calculated using the ratio of the 0-to 30-min incremental insulin values to the 0-to 30-min incremental glucose. Anthropometric parameters were also measured.RESULTS -Of the case subjects, 23% were glucose intolerant (4% with diabetes and 19% with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) compared with 6.5% (all with IGT) of control subjects (P = 0.02). There was also an increasing prevalence of glucose intolerance, especially IGT with increasing number of glucose-intolerant parents. Fasting serum insulin levels were not different in the two groups; however, at 30 min, the case subjects had lower insulin levels than the control subjects (P Ͻ 0.006). Case subjects with IGT had lower 30-min insulin concentration, early insulin secretion, and 2-h insulin levels than those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (F = 4.1, P Ͻ 0.05; F = 4.1, P Ͻ 0.04; and F = 5.1, P Ͻ 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, case subjects with NGT and IGT had lower early insulin secretion than control subjects (F = 4.1, P Ͻ 0.03). These differences remained after adjustment for BMI and regardless of the status of parental diabetes. Two-hour insulin concentration showed a positive association (odds ratio = 0.95 CI 0.90-0.99, P = 0.039) with IGT in the case subjects.CONCLUSIONS -Diabetes and IGT are more prevalent in the offspring of African type 2 diabetic parents, and this may be due to an underlying degree of ␤-cell impairment marked by reduced early-phase insulin secretion.

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Section: Results -mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The control population was selected on the basis of the tribal and socioeconomic status of the diabetic population from the Cite Verte Yaoundé community registry (10). It consisted of offspring of parents without type 2 diabetes matched for age-group and sex to the offspring of type 2 diabetic parents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reduced insulin secretion in offspring of African type 2 diabetic parents.

et al. 2000

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“…Height was measured to the nearest 0.5 cm, weight to the nearest 0.5 kg, waist and hip circumference to the nearest 0.5 cm, and BMI (weight=height 2 in kg=m 2 ) and waist=hip ratio calculated as previously described. 13 The average of two blood pressure measurements performed following the procedure recommended by the British Hypertension Society 20 on the right arm of the subjects in a sitting position, after a minimum 10 min rest using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer with appropriate sized cuff was used in the analyses. Blood glucose was measured between 7 and 9 am after a minimum 10 h overnight fast using a Hemocue blood glucose analyser (Angelholm, Sweden) on capillary blood samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Likewise, great urban -rural differences in the prevalence and incidence of various cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus have been reported in Africa, but whether this gradient is attributable to physical activity has rarely been shown. 13,14 One reason suggested for the lack of a clear association is the absence of precision in the measurement of physical activity to define risk. 15 Where objective and accurate measures of physical activity were performed in subSaharan Africa, the target sample size was limited, the main focus was undernutrition or energy balance, and physical activity levels were seldom analyzed in relation with NCDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and its relationship with obesity, hypertension and diabetes in urban and rural Cameroon

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate and compare physical activity patterns of urban and rural dwellers in Cameroon, and study their relationship with obesity, diabetes and hypertension. METHODS: We studied 2465 subjects aged ! 15 y, recruited on the basis of a random sampling of households, of whom 1183 were urban dwellers from Yaoundé, the capital city of Cameroon and 1282 rural subjects from Bafut, a village of western Cameroon. They all had an interviewer-administered questionnaire for the assessment of their physical activity and anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose determination. The procedure was satisfactorily completed in 2325 (94.3%) subjects. Prevalences were age-adjusted and subjects compared according to their region, sex and age group. RESULTS: Obesity was diagnosed in 17.1 and 3.0% urban and rural women, respectively (P < 0.001), and in 5.4 vs 1.2% urban and rural men, respectively (P < 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in urban vs rural dwellers (11.4 vs 6.6% and 17.6 vs 9.1% in women and men, respectively; P < 0.001). Diabetes was more prevalent in urban compared to rural women (P < 0.05), but not men. Urban subjects were characterized by lower physical activity (P < 0.001), light occupation, high prevalence of multiple occupations, and reduced walking and cycling time compared to rural subjects. Univariate analysis showed significant associations between both physical inactivity and obesity and high blood pressure. The relationship of physical inactivity with hypertension and obesity were independent in both urban and rural men, but not in women. Body mass index, blood pressure and glycaemia were higher in the first compared with the fourth quartiles of energy expenditure. CONCLUSION: Obesity, diabetes and hypertension prevalence is higher in urban compared to rural dwellers in the populations studied. Physical activity is significantly lower and differs in pattern in urban subjects compared to rural. Physical inactivity is associated with these diseases, although not always significant in women.

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“…They are also associated with an increased risk for ischemic heart disease and infections [4] and contribute to higher risk for depression [5]. In Cameroon, the prevalence of hypertension adjusted to the age is 16.6% in men and 12.6% in women in urban population [6]. While in Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville, Congo Democratic Republic, arterial hypertension constituted 5.1% among 825 admissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%