Prevalence of nonadherence and its associated factors affecting on HIV adults follow-up at antiretroviral therapy clinic in Batu Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background:HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a major public health problem and a development predicament that affects all sectors, drastically affecting the health, economic, and reducing social life expectancy, deepening poverty, and contributing to and exacerbating food shortages. Strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen is essential to obtain the desired benefit and to avoid the emergence of drug resistance and clinical failure; therefore, this study is aimed to assess the antiretroviral (ARV) adherence among the HIV patients and suggesting them by possible ways for improving the adherence.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Batu Hospital, Batu town. The sample size was found to be 160, and systemic random sampling was used to collect data by providing a pretested structured questionnaire. The qualitative data were analyzed to identify the significance of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.Results:A total of 160 patients was agreed to involve in our survey, 85.6% of patients were adherent by self-report. The main reason of nonadherence cited by the patients were; being away from home for some social reasons (33.4%), being too busy with other things (25.0%), simply forgot to take their ART (25.0%), developed toxicity or side effects (8.3%), having problems for fear of stigma and disclosure (8.3%), and (7.5%) of participants also shortage of ARV medications at hand because of some public holidays or weekends that coincide with date of appointments.Conclusion and Recommendations:The self-report adherence rate was higher than that seen in developing countries. Programs and clinical efforts to improve medication taking in the study setups should strive to provide the regular follow-up for patients, increase patients’ awareness of the side effects of ARVs and possible remedies, integrate medications better into patients’ daily routines, improve patients’ confidence, trust, and satisfaction with their caregivers, and teach patients to use memory aids.

Level of non-adherence and its associated factors among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

“…This study revealed that the odds of non-adherence among adults who used substances were more than three times higher compared to counterparts. This finding is supported by the studies conducted in Uganda [ 33 ], Vietnam [ 46 ], Togo [ 45 ], United States [ 47 ], Atlanta [ 48 , 49 ], Amana Hospital, Tanzania [ 37 ], and Yaounde, Cameroon [ 50 ]. This will be can be explained by the fact that the use of substances like alcohol associated with memory impairment, subsequently failing patients to take the drugs as per schedule [ 34 , 46 , 49 , 51 – 53 ].…”

“…The questionnaire was adapted from studies conducted in developing countries [ 6 , 34 – 37 ]. The questionnaire consists of sociodemographic, social support, behavioral factors, level of adherence, use of memory aids to take the ART drugs, and history of other medical illnesses.…”

Non-Adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy Among Adult People Living with HIV in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The forty-two studies [ 1 – 3 , 5 , 6 , 8 – 10 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 29 , 34 , 43 , 44 , 52 – 78 ], two studies [ 79 , 80 ] and one study [ 35 ] were conducted using cross-sectional, retrospective cohort and case-control studies respectively. Regarding geographical region, fourteen studies were conducted in Oromia [ 2 , 3 , 9 , 18 , 27 , 44 , 52 , 57 , 59 , 64 , 69 , 76 , 77 , 79 ], eleven studies in Amhara [ 1 , 6 , 19 , 56 , 61 , 66 – 68 , 73 , 75 , 78 ], ten studies in Southern nations nationalities [ 5 , 10 , 34 , 35 , 43 , 53 , 55 , 60 , 62 , 72 ], two studies in Addis Ababa [ 8 , 44 ], two studies in Tigray [ 58 , 80 ], one study in Oromia and Southern nations nationalities [ 54 ], one study in Harari and Dire Dawa [ 63 ] and one study was conducted in each Benishangul Gumuz [ 71 ], Somali [ 74 ], Harari [ 29 ], and Sidama region [ 65 ]. The total sample size of ...…”

“…The total sample size of the included studies was 36,317, where the smallest sample size was 81 in Southern nations and nationalities and the largest sample size was also 19,525 in Tigray region health research institute. The prevalence of non-adherence to ART was obtained from forty-four included primary studies [ 1 – 3 , 5 , 6 , 8 – 10 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 29 , 34 , 43 , 44 , 52 – 80 ], while the data regarding the predictors of non-adherence to ART were obtained from the thirty-five studies [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 18 , 19 , 27 , 29 , 35 , 44 , 53 – 55 , 57 – 61 , 63 – 69 , 71 – 74 , 76 – 80 ], with a response rate ranges from 87 to 100% (Table 1 ).…”

“…In the review, seven studies [ 5 , 19 , 52 , 54 , 59 , 61 , 64 ] reported that educational level of primary school and lower was significantly associated with non-adherence to ART. The pooled AOR of non-adherence to ART for patients with educational level of primary school and below was 3.52 (95%CI: 1.68, 7.40; I 2 = 62.49%; P < 0.01) (Fig.…”