Prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription-type opioids, methylphenidate, and sedative-hypnotics among university students in the south of Iran: a regression analysis

Abstract

Background and aimNonmedical use of prescription drugs needs particular attention. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of prescription-type opioids, methylphenidate and sedative-hypnotics use, and related factors in university students.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 524 students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences were selected by multi-stage sampling in 2016. A self-report questionnaire had been used examining substance use, religious beliefs and parental support. The questions about substance use were prepared based on the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO ASSIST). Religious beliefs were measured by Kendler’s general religiosity questionnaire. Parental support was measured by the Persian version of Aneshensel and Sucoff’s scale. All of the analysis was performed using Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, independent-samples t-test and binary logistic regression in SPSS 16 software. The level of significance was 0.05.ResultsThe last year prevalence of prescription-type opioids, methylphenidate and sedative-hypnotics use was 16.1%, 3.3%, and 10.3%, respectively. The final model of logistic regression indicated hookah use (OR=2.5), methylphenidate use (OR=4.5), sedative-hypnotics use (OR=2.7), and were associated with students’ prescription-type opioids use. The protective factor was familial support (OR=0.97) for prescription-type opioids use. Moreover, sedative-hypnotics use (OR=5.7) and illicit drug use (OR=27.6) were associated with methylphenidate use among students.ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription drugs is considerably high among students and is in need of interventions to reduce the prevalence of these drugs in universities.

Prevalence and Socio-Demographic, Academic, Health and Lifestyle Predictors of Illicit Drug/s Use among University Undergraduate Students in Finland

“…These observations agree with other research among college students, where living with one’s parents was shown to be a protective factor regarding illicit substance use among college students [ 10 , 93 ]. In Brazil, others similarly found that students who do not use psychoactive drugs were more likely to live with their parents [ 87 ], and familial support was protective for prescription-type opioids use among university students [ 94 ]. Living with one’s parents was shown to be protective factors concerning ISU among college students [ 10 , 11 , 93 ].…”

O uso indiscriminado e off label da Ritalina

“…No que se refere as consequências desse uso, pelos estudantes, os efeitos mais comuns apresentados nos estudos, foram dor abdominal, náusea, vômito, cefaleia, insônia, xerostomia, anorexia, taquicardia, palpitação, arritmias, alterações na pressão arterial, tosse, tiques, podem ser observados. Insônia e diminuição de apetite são diretamente proporcionais à dose do medicamento (Burgard et al, 2013;Eslami et al, 2014;Moura, 2017;Abbasi-Ghahramanloo et al, 2018;Deganutti, 2019).…”

“…Sabe-se que o farmacêutico é fundamental no tratamento de qualquer enfermidade, pois sua função é fornecer suporte ao paciente, à comunidade e à família, de forma a garantir a melhor qualidade de vida e um tratamento correto e eficaz. Tendo o dever de orientar os pacientes sobre a importância da adesão ao tratamento, esclarecendo sobre o uso correto da medicação, dosagem, como agir e seus efeitos colaterais e interações medicamentosas (Roshini et al, 2017;Abbasi-Ghahramanloo et al, 2018;Candido et al, 2020;Silva e Caldeiras, 2020).…”

Uso indevido de Metilfenidato por universitários da área da saúde

“…Outros fatores que favorecem o uso dos psicoestimulantes são: facilidade de acesso aos medicamentos através dos colegas, maior liberdade de uso do metilfenidato em dormitórios universitários, eventos sociais da universidade como festas, sendo usado com o propósito recreativo, associado ao álcool, cannabis e cocaína [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Os pais parecem agir como supervisores dos relacionamentos de seus filhos com os amigos para evitar o acesso de substâncias deste tipo em suas residências [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] .…”

“…MPH é uma substância estimulante do sistema nervoso central (SNC) utilizada no tratamento dos distúrbios de aprendizagem e atenção, bem como hiperatividade 4 . Essa substância é capaz de aumentar o estado de concentração, raciocínio e o desempenho intelectual dos usuários 5 . Atua no SNC impedindo a recaptação da dopamina e noradrenalina, aumentando a disponibilidade desses neurotransmissores nas fendas sinápticas 6 .…”