Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in <scp>US</scp> children, 1999‐2014

Skinner, Asheley Cockrell; Perrin, Eliana M.; Skelton, Joseph A.

doi:10.1002/oby.21497

Cited by 363 publications

(285 citation statements)

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“…1 Over the past several years, some researchers have reported stabilization in the obesity prevalence overall among youth 1–3 and decreases in 2- to 5-year-old children. 3,4 However, others report no decrease in any age group since 1999 5,6 but rather a sharp increase in the prevalence of severe obesity, particularly among adolescents and non-Hispanic African American children. 5 …”

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Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

et al. 2018

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OBJECTIVES: To provide updated prevalence data on obesity trends among US children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years from a nationally representative sample. METHODS: We used the NHANES for years 1999 to 2016. Weight status was determined by using measured height and weight from the physical examination component of the NHANES to calculate age- and sex-specific BMI. We report the prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity (class I, class II, and class III) by 2-year NHANES cycles and compared cycles by using adjusted Wald tests and linear trends by using ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: White and Asian American children have significantly lower rates of obesity than African American children, Hispanic children, or children of other races. We report a positive linear trend for all definitions of overweight and obesity among children 2–19 years old, most prominently among adolescents. Children aged 2 to 5 years showed a sharp increase in obesity prevalence from 2015 to 2016 compared with the previous cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous reports that obesity in children and adolescents has remained stable or decreased in recent years, we found no evidence of a decline in obesity prevalence at any age. In contrast, we report a significant increase in severe obesity among children aged 2 to 5 years since the 2013–2014 cycle, a trend that continued upward for many subgroups.

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Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

et al. 2018

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“…First, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is 33% (≈17% and ≈15% are obese and overweight, respectively)42; it is unclear whether these numbers have plateaued or continue to rise 42, 43. Prevalent severe obesity in children and adolescents, however, has increased from 4% in 1999 to 200410 to >8% in 2013 to 2014 7. Second, adiposity in youth is a foundational risk factor for subclinical cardiovascular disease,47, 48, 49, 50 future obesity,51 and cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus related mortality in adulthood 38, 52.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excess adiposity remains a serious public health threat7, 8; 33% of US adolescents are classified as having overweight or obesity 7, 9. Despite a potential plateau in overall obesity rates, the prevalence of severe obesity in children and adolescents 2 to 19 years of age has increased from 4% in 1999 to 2004,10 to >8% in 2013 to 2014 7.…”

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Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Adiposity: Implications in Youth

Fyfe‐Johnson

Ryder

Alonso

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundThe American Heart Association set 2020 Strategic Impact Goals that defined cardiovascular risk factors to be included in the concept of ideal cardiovascular health (ICH). The prevalence of ICH among differing levels of adiposity in youth, especially severe obesity, is uncertain.Methods and ResultsThe cross‐sectional study measured ICH metrics in 300 children and adolescents stratified by adiposity: normal weight, overweight/obese, and severely obese. ICH incorporates 7 behavioral and health metrics, and was characterized as poor, intermediate, or ideal. Individual ICH metrics were transformed into standardized sample z‐scores; a summary ICH sample z‐score was also calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate differences in ICH sample z‐scores by adiposity status. Of the 300 participants, 113 were classified as having normal weight, 87 as having overweight/obesity, and 100 as having severe obesity (mean age 12.8 years, SD 2.7; 48% female). No participants met the criteria for ICH; 80% of those classified as having normal weight, 81% of those with overweight/obesity, and all of those with severe obesity were in poor cardiovascular health. After multivariable adjustment, those with overweight/obesity (sample z‐score: −1.35; 95% confidence interval, −2.3, −1.1) and severe obesity (sample z‐score: −1.45; 95% confidence interval, −2.9, −0.92) had lower overall ICH sample z‐scores compared with participants with normal weight. Results were similar for individual ICH metrics.ConclusionsPoor cardiovascular health was highly prevalent in youth; ICH sample z‐scores increased across levels of adiposity. Youth with obesity, particularly those with severe obesity, remain a rich target for primary prevention efforts.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01508598.

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“…The prevalence of obesity among children has increased since 1999 and rates among nonHispanic Black and Hispanic children are consistently higher compared to non-Hispanic White children [1][2][3]. Children with obesity are at increased risk of developing chronic conditions during childhood and during adulthood if their obesity persists [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Weight Loss Intervention for Parents of Children Being Treated for Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Feasibility Trial (Preprint)

Kay¹,

Burroughs²,

Askew³

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity continues to increase, and clinic-based treatment options have failed to demonstrate effectiveness. One of the strongest predictors of child weight is parent weight. Parental treatment for weight loss may indirectly reduce obesity in the child. We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness among adults of a fully automated, evidence-based digital weight loss intervention (Track). However, it is unknown if it is feasible to deliver such a treatment directly to parents with obesity who bring their child with obesity to a weight management clinic for treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of and engagement with a digital weight loss intervention among parents of children receiving treatment for obesity. METHODS We conducted a 6-month pre-post feasibility trial among parents or guardians and their children aged 4-16 years presenting for tertiary care obesity treatment. Along with the standard family-based treatment protocol, parents received a 6-month digital weight loss intervention, which included weekly monitoring of personalized behavior change goals via mobile technologies. We examined levels of engagement by tracking completed weeks of self-monitoring and feasibility by assessing change in weight. RESULTS Participants (N=48) were on average 39 years old, mostly female (35/42, 82% ), non-Hispanic Black individuals (21/41, 51%) with obesity (36/48, 75%). Over a quarter had a yearly household income of <US $25,000, and about a third had the equivalent of a high school education. Children were on average 10 years old and had a body mass index of 29.8 kg/m2. The median percentage of weeks participants tracked their behaviors was 77% (18.5/24 total weeks; interquartile range [IQR] 6.3 to 100). The median number of attempts via phone or text message (short message service) required to complete one tracking week was 3.3 (IQR 2.6 to 4.9). Nearly half (23/48, 48%) had high levels of engagement, completing 80% (19/24) or more weeks of tracking. Of the 26 participants with weight measurements reported at 6 months, of which 81% (21/26) were self-reported, there was a median 2.44 kg (IQR −6.5 to 1.0) decrease in weight. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to deliver an evidence-based digital weight loss intervention to parents or guardians whose children are enrolled in a weight management program. Given the feasibility of this approach, future studies should investigate the effectiveness of digital weight loss interventions for parents on child weight and health outcomes.

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Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children, 1999‐2014

Abstract: There is no evidence of a decline in obesity prevalence in any age group, despite substantial clinical and policy efforts targeting the issue.

Cited by 363 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

Prevalence of Obesity and Severe Obesity in US Children, 1999–2016

Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Adiposity: Implications in Youth

Digital Weight Loss Intervention for Parents of Children Being Treated for Obesity: A Prospective Cohort Feasibility Trial (Preprint)

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