Prevalence of Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Glaucoma using Topical Antiglaucoma Medications

Barišić, Freja

doi:10.4172/2155-9570.1000334

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Studies show a universal higher prevalence of dry eyes in people wearing contact lens as compared to people who are not wearing contact lens. Prevalence of ocular surface disease in glaucoma cases are 38.2% in the present study; 59.0% in Leung et al;7 38.4% in Barisic et al10 and 43.1% in PJ Pisella et al 14 Pterygium in dry eyes cases are 24.7% in the present study, 49.9% in Lekhanont et al9 and 39.7% in Laung et al7 Prevalence of dry eyes in emmetropes, myopes and hypermetropes are 12.8%, 17.2%, 28.6% in the present study; 14.0%, 16.8% and 22.9% in Sahai et al;1 16.1%, 17.0% and 31.4% in Lekhanont et al 9 and the reason for the higher prevalence of dry eye syndrome in hypermetropes still remains unexplained. Prevalence of dry eyes in farmers is 27.3% in the present study, 25.3% in Sahaiet al1 and 32.1% in Chopra et al6 Dry eyes in smokers are 36.7% in the present study, 48.2% in Sahai et al1 and 42.1% in Chopra et al6 Smoke and dust exposure are predominant predisposing factors as evident in these studies.…”

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confidence: 42%

“…9 Dry eyes are more prevalent in hypermetropes than myopes. 10 Among the symptoms of dry eyes, ocular tiredness stands first followed by dryness and irritation of eyes. 11,12 Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Typical symptoms of dry eye syndrome are dryness, burning 9 and a sandy-gritty eye irritation that gets worse as the day goes on. 10 Symptoms may also be described as itchy, scratchy, stinging or tired eyes. 4 Other symptoms are pain, redness, pulling sensation and pressure behind the eye.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this test, wetting less than 5 mm with or without anaesthesia is considered diagnostic for dry eyes. 10 A Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) test measures the time it takes for tears to break up in the eye. 5 The tear breakup time can be determined after placing a drop of fluorescein in the cul-de-sac.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Hospital-Based Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Solanke¹,

Pawde²,

A³

2017

jebmh

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BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome is a common eye disease. Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), also known as Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), is the condition of having dry eyes. Other associated symptoms include irritation, redness, discharge and easily fatigued eyes. Blurred vision may also occur. The symptoms can range from mild and occasional to severe and continuous. Scarring of the cornea may occur in some cases without treatment. Dry eye occurs when either the eye does not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. Tobacco smoke exposure or infection may also lead to the condition. Diagnosis is mostly based on the symptoms, though a number of other tests may be used. Prevalence of dry eyes are commoner in females than males. There is a positive relationship between glaucoma and ocular dryness as well as diabetic retinopathy and ocular dryness. Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface. Ocular symptoms such as pain, irritation and poor vision can result from dry eye. The aim of the study is to study the prevalence, symptomatology and distribution of dry eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted during July 2016 to March 2017. Study place was Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology at Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam. Sample size was calculated by 4PQ/d², which was 132. Systemic random sampling was used for the study. RESULTS Prevalence of dry eyes-17.8%. Dry eyes in males-16.8% and in females-24.6%. Dry eyes in age <40 yrs.-10.8%, >40 yrs.-21.8%. Prevalence of dry eyes in contact lens wearers-36.5%. Prevalence of dry eyes in glaucoma cases-38.2%. Prevalence of dry eyes in farmers-27.3%, in smokers-36.7%. Dry eyes in emmetropes-12.8% in myopes-17.2% in hypermetropes-28.6%. CONCLUSION Dry eyes prevalence obtained was 17.8%. Dry eyes were seen more in females. As age increases, prevalence of dry eyes increases. Ocular surface dryness was observed more in contact lens wearers. Among predisposing factors common were dust and smoke.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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A Hospital-Based Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Solanke¹,

Pawde²,

A³

2017

jebmh

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“…The practice of polypharmacy and frequent dosing increase patients' exposure to higher doses of preservatives 1 . Deleterious effects on the conjunctiva, cornea, and trabecular meshwork can occur subsequent to long-term exposure to the preservatives in the formulation of topical IOP-lowering medications 6, 7. Furthermore, the contribution of the active pharmaceutical agents to these deleterious effects on the ocular surface cannot be understated.…”

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The impact of topical intraocular pressure lowering medications on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients: A review

Asiedu¹,

Abu

2019

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

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Purpose To assess the literature on the effects of topical intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications on the ocular surface. Ocular surface assessment in these patients is seldom a priority for most clinicians since the ultimate goal of management is to preserve vision. Methods A literature search of articles (English only) on the subject matter was conducted and their findings summarized. Results This review assesses the prevalence of dry eye symptoms in glaucoma patients on topical IOP-lowering medications. We extensively reviewed the effects of the preservatives and active ingredients in these medications on the ocular surface. In particular, the effects of benzalkonium chloride (BAK), a widely used preservative, on meibomian glands are explored. Also mentioned in this review is the association between duration of therapy and severity of dry eye symptoms. The role of the pH of medications in the development of ocular surface disease is also reviewed. Finally, we probed the occurrences of ocular allergic reactions with the use of topical IOP-lowering medications. Conclusions The preservatives and active agents in most topical glaucoma medications are implicated in the prevalence of ocular surface discomfort. Whilst clinicians involved in glaucoma care are encouraged to assess the ocular surface routinely, further studies are needed to demonstrate the contributions of other physiochemical properties of these medications to the development of ocular surface disease in these patients.

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Automated Direct Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: First Prospective Clinical Trial

Goldenfeld

Belkin

Dobkin-Bekman

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose Direct selective laser trabeculoplasty (DSLT) is a rapid, noncontact automated procedure performed directly through the limbus without gonioscopy. In this first nonrandomized clinical trial we assessed its safety and ability to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Fifteen patients (15 eyes: 10 with open-angle glaucoma [OAG], 4 with ocular hypertension, and 1 with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma), naive or after medication washout, with an IOP ≥22 mm Hg, underwent DSLT by irradiation with 100 or 120 sequential noncontact 532-nm, Q-switched laser shots (0.8−1.4 mJ) automatically applied during 1.5 or 2.3 seconds on the limbus, guided by image analysis and eye tracking. Results were assessed at 1 and 3 hours, 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months. Results The mean ± standard deviation baseline IOP (mm Hg) in all eyes was 26.7 ± 2.3. At 1, 3, and 6 months, this value was significantly reduced to 21.7 ± 4.2 (by 18.1%), to 20.8 ± 2.5 (by 21.4%), and to 21.5 ± 4.1 (by 18.8%), respectively. In six patients treated with 1.4 mJ/shot, the mean IOP at 6 months decreased from 26.7 ± 3.2 to 19.3 ± 2.0 (27.1%, P = 0.03). There was a significant reduction in hypotensive medications (from 1.6 ± 1.0 to 0.4 ± 0.7, P = 0.03). No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusions Automated DSLT appears to be an effective and safe noncontact, rapid modality for reducing IOP in patients with OAG. Higher energy usage led to better results. Translational Relevance Studying laser transmission through sclera enabled laser irradiation of the trabeculum without gonioscopy.

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Prevalence of Ocular Surface Disease in Patients with Glaucoma using Topical Antiglaucoma Medications

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

A Hospital-Based Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes in a Tertiary Care Hospital

A Hospital-Based Study on the Prevalence of Dry Eyes in a Tertiary Care Hospital

The impact of topical intraocular pressure lowering medications on the ocular surface of glaucoma patients: A review

Automated Direct Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: First Prospective Clinical Trial

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