Prevalence of oral disease among adults with primary HIV infection*

Owotade, FJ; Shiboski, CH; Poole, Lauren; Ramstead, CA; Malvin, K; Hecht, Frederick M.; Js, Greenspan

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01407.x

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, very early infection with HIV has been demonstrated to influence colonization with oral Candida and the development of opportunistic candidiasis (Owotade et al, 2008). This is a consequence of defective T helper 1-type CD4 + T cells and changes in saliva composition and function .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-positive women: associated factors and changes following antiretroviral therapy

Owotade

Patel

Ralephenya

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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There is a paucity of information about the factors associated with oral colonization with Candida species and the changes associated with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. This study investigated the role of ARV therapy and other factors in a study population. Relevant clinical and laboratory information was obtained and oral rinse specimens were tested for yeast identification. The findings were compared with previous data from the same clinic before ARV therapy was available. Of 197 patients, 117 (59.4 %) were colonized. Candida albicans was the dominant species (71 %) and Candida dubliniensis was the most frequent non-albicans Candida. The colonized group had a higher rate of concurrent tuberculosis (TB) infection (77.4 % compared with 56 % in the non-colonized patients, P50.03) and a lower median CD4+ count (346.5 cells . Participants not on ARV therapy and those having oral prosthesis were all colonized (P50.003 and P50.022, respectively). The oral Candida count was negatively correlated with the CD4 + count in participants on ARV therapy (P50.006). Associated factors using logistic regression were dental caries (odds ratio51.30; 95 % confidence interval51.07-1.60] and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio55.52; 95 % confidence interval51.68-18.12). The colonization rate was higher (81.3 %) as well as the yeast count before ARV therapy was available, while the prevalence of C. dubliniensis was found to have increased from 6.3 to 11 %. Dental caries, diabetes mellitus, oral prostheses and TB infection were associated with oral colonization. The colonization rate, variety and yeast counts declined with ARV therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-positive women: associated factors and changes following antiretroviral therapy

Owotade

Patel

Ralephenya

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Matching saliva and plasma samples (2 ml of each) from HIV-infected (UCSF Options Study (Owotade et al, 2008)) and HIV-uninfected individuals were subjected to immunoprecipitation using sheep anti-tat (Abcam) and mouse monoclonal anti-gp120 antibodies (ID6) (NH AIDS Reagents). These samples (concentrated by approximately 20 times) were then analyzed by immunoblotting with mouse anti-tat monoclonal (Immunodiagnostics Inc) and mouse anti-gp120 antibodies (ID6) (NIH AIDS Research reagent program).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-associated disruption of mucosal epithelium facilitates paracellular penetration by human papillomavirus

Tugizov¹,

Herrera²,

Chin‐Hong³

et al. 2013

Virology

106

121

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The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated epithelial lesions is substantially higher in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals than in HIV-uninfected individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying the increased risk of HPV infection in HIV-infected individuals are poorly understood. We found that HIV proteins tat and gp120 were expressed within the oral and anal mucosal epithelial microenvironment of HIV-infected individuals. Expression of HIV proteins in the mucosal epithelium was correlated with the disruption of epithelial tight junctions (TJ). Treatment of polarized oral and anal epithelial cells and tissue explants with tat and gp120 led to disruption of epithelial TJ and increased HPV pseudovirion (PsV) paracellular penetration into the epithelium. PsV entry was observed in the basal/parabasal cells, the cells in which the HPV life cycle is initiated. Our data suggest that HIV-associated TJ disruption of mucosal epithelia may potentiate HPV infection and subsequent development of HPV-associated neoplasia.

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“…Concurrently, people living with HIV are continuously challenged by diseases associated with a compromised host immune system, including opportunistic infections (2). Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common oral infection (3), and it can be detected in the early stages of HIV infection (4). This opportunistic infection and others can be a consequence of immune impairment induced by HIV, changes in saliva composition and function (5,6), the presence of advanced caries lesions (7), and/or progressive periodontal infections (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva

et al. 2014

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f Limited information is available about the effects of HIV and subsequent antiretroviral treatment on host-microbe interactions. This study aimed to determine the salivary microbial composition for 10 HIV-seropositive subjects, before and 6 months after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared with that for 10 HIV-seronegative subjects. A conventional culture and two culture-independent analyses were used and consistently demonstrated differences in microbial composition among the three sets of samples. HIV-positive subjects had higher levels of total cultivable microbes, including oral streptococci, lactobacilli, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida, in saliva than did HIV-negative subjects. The total cultivable microbial levels were significantly correlated with CD4 ؉ T cell counts. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), which compared the overall microbial profiles, showed distinct fingerprinting profiles for each group. The human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM) assay, which compared the 16S rRNA genes, showed clear separation among the three sample groups. Veillonella, Synergistetes, and Streptococcus were present in all 30 saliva samples. Only minor changes or no changes in the prevalence of Neisseria, Haemophilus, Gemella, Leptotrichia, Solobacterium, Parvimonas, and Rothia were observed. Seven genera, Capnocytophaga, Slackia, Porphyromonas, Kingella, Peptostreptococcaceae, Lactobacillus, and Atopobium, were detected only in HIVnegative samples. The prevalences of Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Granulicatella, and Atopobium were increased after HAART. In contrast, the prevalence of Aggregatibacter was significantly decreased after HAART. The findings of this study suggest that HIV infection and HAART can have significant effects on salivary microbial colonization and composition.

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Prevalence of oral disease among adults with primary HIV infection*

Abstract: This finding suggests that individuals with PHI who have oral lesions may be more likely to transmit HIV because of their higher viral load.

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-positive women: associated factors and changes following antiretroviral therapy

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-positive women: associated factors and changes following antiretroviral therapy

HIV-associated disruption of mucosal epithelium facilitates paracellular penetration by human papillomavirus

HIV Infection and Microbial Diversity in Saliva

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