Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in an apparently healthy Indian population - a cross-sectional retrospective study

Abstract

ObjectivesAn understanding of bone mineral density (BMD) pattern in a population is crucial for prevention and diagnosis of osteoporosis and management of its complications in later life. This study aimed to screen the bone health status and factors associated with osteoporosis in an apparently healthy Indian population.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was done in a tertiary-care hospital for the subjects who had undergone preventive health-check-ups that included BMD measurements at femur-neck, total-femur, and lumbar-spine.ResultsWe evaluated 524 subjects (age, 50.0 ± 12.4 years) including 41.2% female and 58.8% male subjects. Osteoporosis was present in 6.9% subjects (female, 11.1%; male, 4.2%) and osteopenia in 34% subjects (female, 40.3%; male, 29.9%). Absolute BMD was higher in male subjects (P < 0.001) compared to female subjects at all bone sites. Prevalence of osteoporosis increased with age in female subjects, but not in male subjects. Osteoporosis rates in the age-groups of 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥70 years were 3%, 3.4%, 14.3%, 18.6%, and 36.4%, respectively in female subjects while prevalence in male subjects was 0%, 4%, 6.5%, 4.3%, and 5.6%, respectively, at lumbar spine. Height (r = 0.234–0.358), weight (r = 0.305–0.388), body mass index (r = 0.143–0.285) and physical activity (r = 0.136–0.153) were positively; and alkaline phosphatase (r = −0.133 to −0.203) was negatively correlated with BMD (all P < 0.01) at all sites. These parameters retained significant correlation after controlling for age and sex. No correlation of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D and calcium was noted with BMD (P > 0.05) at any site.ConclusionsFurther data on absolute BMD, T scores, and prevalence rates of osteoporosis/osteopenia on multiple bone sites have been presented in this article.

Association between Demographic Factors and BMI with Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kurdistan Province, West of Iran

“…This study showed that as the age increases, the prevalence of osteoporosis increases. This finding is consistent with result of Hemmati et al [3], Tian and et al in China [9], and Kaushal et al in India [8].…”

“…In a study by Kaushal and et al in 2017 in the healthy population of India, the overall prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 6.9% and 34%, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis in men and women in the lumbar spine was 11.1% and 3.9% respectively, and in the femoral neck were 4.1% and 3.6%, respectively [8]. Tian et al in a study in China reported a prevalence of osteoporosis in the distal region of forearm in women over 50 years old, 65.6% and in men older than 60 years old was 8.08% [9].…”

“…Osteoporosis is a common clinical condition that is associated with decreased bone density and increased risk of fracture, morbidity and mortality [1]. The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis in practical terms as a bone density reduction of 2.5 SD below the mean for healthy and young adults with similar gender [2].…”

A Retrospective Study on Bone Mineral Density Values of Dexa Scan in Elderly Men and Post-Menopausal Women in Indian Population

“…Reasons attributed for lower bone mineral density (BMD) in Indians include possible genetic differences, nutritional deficiency and smaller skeletal size. 6 Osteoporosis-related fractures are associated with substantial pain, suffering, disability, and possibly even death for the affected patients. Further, increasing longevity has resulted in an increasing number of senior citizens globally; life expectancy at present is ~67 years in India and is expected to increase to 71 years by 2025 and to 77 years by 2050.…”

“…Thus, increasing longevity and a greater proportion of the Indian population over the age of 50 years are likely to result in an increased number of people affected by osteoporosis. 6 It has clinical and public health implications because of the mortality, morbidity, and cost of medical care related with osteoporotic fracture. About 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide and the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050.…”