Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: The Significance of Comorbidities and Pharmacotherapy

Racicka, Ewa; Hanć, Tomasz; Giertuga, Katarzyna; Bryńska, Anita; Wolańczyk, Tomasz

doi:10.1177/1087054715578272

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In relation to ADHD and childhood OBy, Table 4 summarizes 17 studies that are currently reviewed. Study designs included longitudinal,29–32 cross-sectional,33–37 cohort,38–41 retrospective documentary analysis,5,42,43 and secondary analysis 44…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ADHD diagnosis was confirmed through diagnostic/clinical interview in 11 studies5,29,31,33,34,37–39,41–43 and through ADHD-focused checklists and scales in 6 studies 30,32,35,36,40,44. Self-reporting was recognized to be a limitation in 1 study 40.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strength of association between ADHD and childhood OBy varies across research studies. When compared to the general population, only 2 studies reported a significant association between OBy and ADHD symptoms with children/adolescents as assessed by clinical diagnosis35,43 and CPRS 33. Other studies have reported an increased incidence of OB children with ADHD,36 increased risk of becoming OB,29,30,32 and increased odds of children with ADHD becoming OW when not using ADHD medication 37…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention

Rankin¹,

Matthews²,

Cobley³

et al. 2016

AHMT

521

363

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Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century with far-reaching and enduring adverse consequences for health outcomes. Over 42 million children <5 years worldwide are estimated to be overweight (OW) or obese (OB), and if current trends continue, then an estimated 70 million children will be OW or OB by 2025. The purpose of this review was to focus on psychiatric, psychological, and psychosocial consequences of childhood obesity (OBy) to include a broad range of international studies. The aim was to establish what has recently changed in relation to the common psychological consequences associated with childhood OBy. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for articles presenting information on the identification or prevention of psychiatric morbidity in childhood obesity. Relevant data were extracted and narratively reviewed. Findings established childhood OW/OBy was negatively associated with psychological comorbidities, such as depression, poorer perceived lower scores on health-related quality of life, emotional and behavioral disorders, and self-esteem during childhood. Evidence related to the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and OBy remains unconvincing because of various findings from studies. OW children were more likely to experience multiple associated psychosocial problems than their healthy-weight peers, which may be adversely influenced by OBy stigma, teasing, and bullying. OBy stigma, teasing, and bullying are pervasive and can have serious consequences for emotional and physical health and performance. It remains unclear as to whether psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are a cause or a consequence of childhood obesity or whether common factors promote both obesity and psychiatric disturbances in susceptible children and adolescents. A cohesive and strategic approach to tackle this current obesity epidemic is necessary to combat this increasing trend which is compromising the health and well-being of the young generation and seriously impinging on resources and economic costs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention

Rankin¹,

Matthews²,

Cobley³

et al. 2016

AHMT

521

363

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…46–48 Indeed, the prevalence of excess adiposity is higher among children with behavioral disorders, like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obese children have lower academic achievement, impaired attention and working memory, and reduced cortical thickness and white matter integrity compared to lean children. 49–51 Moreover, up to 30% of the genes associated with adiposity are the same as those associated with processing speed. 52 Finally, increased impulsivity, a key feature of ADHD, is related to food responsivity in adolescents 53 and administration of the adipocytokine ghrelin to rodents increases impulsive behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-life exposure to EDCs: role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment

2016

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may increase the risk of childhood diseases by disrupting hormonally mediated processes critical for growth and development during gestation, infancy, or childhood. The fetus, infant, and child may have enhanced sensitivity to environmental stressors like EDCs due to rapid development and greater exposure to some EDCs that results from their developmentally appropriate behavior, anatomy, and physiology. This review summarizes epidemiological studies examining the relations of early-life exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, triclosan, and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) with childhood neurobehavioral disorders and obesity. The available epidemiological evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to several of these ubiquitous EDCs is associated with adverse neurobehavior (BPA and phthalates) and excess adiposity or increased risk of obesity/overweight (PFAS). Quantifying the effects of EDC mixtures, improving EDC exposure assessment, reducing bias from confounding, identifying periods of heightened vulnerability, and elucidating the presence and nature of sexually dimorphic EDC effects would result in stronger inferences from epidemiological studies. Ultimately, better estimates of the causal effects of EDC exposures on child health could help identify susceptible sub-populations and lead to public health interventions to reduce these exposures.

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“…There is ample evidence that ADHD is associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents [9]. This association has also been found in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence and Correlates Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Nielsen

Georgiadou²,

Bartsch³

et al. 2017

Obes Facts

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Objective: Previous research shows an association between obesity and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study compares pre- and post-bariatric surgery patients using the internationally used Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS™) to screen for ADHD. Methods: Matched samples pre- (N = 120) and post-bariatric surgery (N = 128) were compared using self-rating instruments to assess ADHD-relevant symptomatology, depression, eating-related psychopathology, and BMI. Results: Prevalence of probable ADHD did not differ between groups using the CAARS Index Scale T-scores; however, CAARS subscales Inattention/Memory and Self-Concept showed significantly lower scores in post-surgery patients. All CAARS subscales correlated significantly with each other, with depression and eating-related psychopathology. There was no correlation between ADHD and excess BMI loss in post-surgery patients. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a considerable number of patients before and after bariatric surgery screened positive for ADHD. It can be hypothesized that some core ADHD symptoms improve after surgery. Future studies are warranted to investigate the influence of ADHD on long-term surgery outcomes.

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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: The Significance of Comorbidities and Pharmacotherapy

Abstract: Standardized body mass index (BMI), prevalence of overweight, and obesity was higher in patients with ADHD compared with the population. Higher incidence of obesity was shown in patients with analyzed comorbidities.

Cited by 33 publications

References 68 publications

Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention

Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention

Early-life exposure to EDCs: role in childhood obesity and neurodevelopment

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Prevalence and Correlates Pre- and Post-Bariatric Surgery: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

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