Dental pain is amongst the most common types of or ofacial pain, it significantly reduces quality
of life in patients and is regarded as a serious public health issue in many countries, furthermore it is main
reason of seeking emergency dental treatment. Usually dental pain is caused by pulp and periapical conditions
and is inflammatory. The two key components of dental pain are the activity of nerve fibers and alterations
in microciculation. Anatomical and neurophysiological differences affecting mentioned type of pain were
presented in this paper as well as mechanisms of dental pain form ation, clinical implications of hyperalgesia,
allodynia, reffered pain phenomena and therapeutic procedures. The most optimal way of preoperative pain
management is implementation of causal treatment as soon as possible, which includes tooth extraction
or endodontic intervention. During root canal treatment complete pulp removal is followed by exact
chemomechanical preparation of the entire root-canal system with the use of instrumentation and plentiful
irrigation and dense obturation. Endodontic therapy allows tooth preservation and periapical tissues healing.
Intraoperative pain is controlled with the means of proper local anaesthesia, depending on clinical situation
using not only first choice techniques as regional block and infiltrative anaesthesia but also additional methods
like intraligammentary, intraosseus and intrapulpal injections. Postprocedural pain management starts during anaesthesia. In article additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies helpful in treating
these conditions, providing better effectiveness of local anaesthesia that is difficult in tissue inflammation
and decreasing and even preventing development postendodontic pain – common complication of root canal
treatment.