Prevalence of Parasitic Contamination in Salad Vegetables Collected from Supermarkets and Street Vendors in Amman and Baqa’a – Jordan

Ismail, Y. Hussein Mohamed

doi:10.5604/17331331.1204480

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The current study showed a considerable high level of parasitic contamination of examined vegetables and fruits (39%) ( Table (2) showed the distribution of each parasitic contamination in various examined raw vegetables and fruits, where G. lamblia cysts were the most prevalent on lettuce samples (17.1%) followed by watercress (15.7%), parsley (14.2%), cucumber (11.4%), carrots (10%) and finally strawberry (7.1%). These results agree with a study conducted in Amman, Gordan [33] where lettuce samples were being the most contaminated (63%). In contrast, it was found in Libya that only 4% of lettuce was contaminated by G. lamblia cysts [10].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Vegetables and Fruits in Some Rural Areas of Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

Etewa

Abdelrahman

Fathy

et al. 2017

Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases

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Background and study aim: The healthy diet must basically contain fresh fruits and vegetables. Contaminated vegetables and fruits consumption is a way of getting people infected with intestinal parasites. This study aimed to detect the parasitic contamination in some common fresh vegetables and fruits in Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt and the effect of potassium permanganate (24mg/L) and acetic acid 5% upon these parasites. Patients and Methods: The study examined 420 samples: lettuce, watercress, parsley, cucumber, carrots and strawberry. Their collection was done from some rural areas of Sharkyia governorate's markets. Samples were washed and the solution resulted from washing was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were microscopically examined using iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. Then the positive samples were soaked separately in acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24ml/L for 15 and 30 minutes. Then they were tested by 0.2% trypan blue stain to detect the viability of parasites. Results: The parasites were determined in 164/420 (39%) samples. Giardia lamblia cysts were the most prevalent parasite (12.6%) followed by Cryptosporidium spp.oocysts (7.6%), Entamoeba spp. cysts (6.2%), Blastocystis hominis cysts (3.8%), Hymenolepis nana eggs (2.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (1.9%), various helminths larvae (1.6%), Enterobius vermicularis eggs (1.4%) and Balantidium coli cysts (0.9%). The highest contaminated one was watercress (55.7%) followed by lettuce (45.7%), parsley (44.2%), cucumber (31.4%), strawberry (30%) and carrots (27.1%). There was a reduction in the viability of the parasites after exposure to acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24mg/L but the statistical difference between the percentages was insignificant. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasized a possible role of contaminated raw vegetables and fruits in the spread of parasitic diseases in Sharkyia governorate, Egypt. Acetic acid 5% and potassium permanganate 24ml/L are considered effective disinfectants to reduce parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables and fruits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Vegetables and Fruits in Some Rural Areas of Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

Etewa

Abdelrahman

Fathy

et al. 2017

Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases

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“…A portion (usually 50-250 g) of each vegetable or fruit sample is washed separately in a container containing some chemical solutions. The most widely used solutions are normal saline [14,[17][18][19][20] and phosphate-buffered saline [12,[21][22][23][24]. The commonly used solutions are glycine [11,25], sodium dodecyl sulfate [26], Alconox ® [27], and Tween 80 [28].…”

Section: Detection Methods Of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites Contaminmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than one smear slide is usually prepared for each specimen to allow its precise detection [12,26]. Oocysts or cysts can be detected microscopically based on their morphological features [14,17,20,29], using Lugol's iodine [12,14,29] or modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining (or any other staining technique) [14,19,26]. The extraction of the parasitic DNA from the sediment, followed by the PCR amplification of specific genes, is also efficiently used for the protozoan detection in vegetable and fruit samples [22,24].…”

Section: Detection Methods Of Intestinal Protozoan Parasites Contaminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of human intestinal protozoan parasites in vegetables and fruits: a review

Wang

Karim

et al. 2020

Parasites Vectors

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Diarrheal diseases caused by intestinal protozoan parasites are a major food-borne public health problem across the world. Vegetables and fruits provide important nutrients and minerals, but are also common sources of some foodborne human pathogenic microorganisms. The contamination of raw vegetables and fruits with human pathogenic parasites are now a global public health threat, despite the health benefits of these foods in non-pharmacological prophylaxes against diseases. A large number of reports have documented the contamination of vegetables or fruits with human pathogenic microorganisms. In this paper, we reviewed the contamination and detection methods of human pathogenic intestinal protozoans that are frequently recovered from raw vegetables and fruits. The protozoan parasites include Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Entamoeba spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Balantioides coli, Blastocystis sp., Cystoisospora belli and Enterocytozoon bieneusi. The risk factors involved in the contamination of vegetables and fruits with parasites are also assessed.

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“…Raw vegetable consumption often contributes to an epidemiological role in the transmission of parasitic food-borne diseases ( de W Blackburn and McClure, 2002 ; Eraky et al, 2014 ). Studies over the world have shown that many species of enteric helminthes and protozoa can infect humans who consume contaminated, improperly washed fruits and vegetables ( Al-Shawa and Mwafy, 2007 ; Adanir and Tasci, 2013 ; Ismail, 2016 ). Vegetables become contaminated with different parasitic phases (cyst, oocyst, ova, larvae) during irrigation by waste water or by direct contamination from animals and humans during harvesting, packing, transport processing, distribution, and marketing ( Amoah et al, 2007 ; Gabre and Shakir, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of parasitic contamination of salad vegetables sold by street vendors in city markets in Damascus, Syria

Nahhas

Aboualchamat

2020

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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Monitoring parasitic contamination in raw vegetables used in salads is an important measure in controlling the occurrence of gastroenterological diseases, which may be life-threatening. This study aimed to inspect the parasitological contamination of some raw vegetables used in salads. Eight commonly consumed vegetable types were purchased from street vendors in the city markets. Vegetables were washed and the sediments were obtained for microscopic examination. Genomic DNA was isolated from contaminated samples. Our result showed that 34.4% of the studied samples were contaminated with one or more species of parasites. Lettuce was the most commonly contaminated vegetable type (29.5%), while tarragon leaves showed the lowest level of contamination (2.3%). The risk of contamination was significantly higher in lettuce samples in comparison with the other samples studied. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent parasite detected (38.6%) and was abundantly found in lettuce isolates (23.5%). Molecular typing revealed that all Giardia samples found in the contaminated specimens belonged to Assemblage B. Blastocystis spp. were the second most prevalent parasite in samples (29.5%), they were frequently detected in lettuce leaves (30.8%). Other parasites were found in low frequencies. The high level of parasitic contamination found in our study indicates an urgent need to identify the sources of contamination and to monitor irrigation water and ensure its cleanliness.

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Prevalence of Parasitic Contamination in Salad Vegetables Collected from Supermarkets and Street Vendors in Amman and Baqa’a – Jordan

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Vegetables and Fruits in Some Rural Areas of Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Vegetables and Fruits in Some Rural Areas of Sharkyia Governorate, Egypt

Detection of human intestinal protozoan parasites in vegetables and fruits: a review

Investigation of parasitic contamination of salad vegetables sold by street vendors in city markets in Damascus, Syria

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