Prevalence of piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) in marine fish species

Böckerman, Inger; Wiik-Nielsen, Christer R.; Sindre, Hilde; Johansen, Renate; Tengs, Torstein

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01315.x

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Branch lengths are scaled to be relative in time according to an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock model. The asterisks on 2 internal nodes highlights the weak statistical support at branches separating defined subgroups I, IV and V. Bold underlined branch labels are sequences from dab isolates generated during this study been well documented for a variety of viruses affecting marine fish farms, including viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (Snow et al 2004, Gagné et al 2007, Garver et al 2013, piscine myocarditis virus (Poppe & Seierstad 2003, Böckerman et al 2011, Tengs & Böckerman 2012) and pis cine reovirus (Wiik-Nielsen et al 2012). Nevertheless, the risk of transmission of viruses between wild and farmed fish is often difficult to ascertain (Kurath & Winton 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identification of a wild reservoir of salmonid alphavirus in common dab Limanda limanda, with emphasis on virus culture and sequencing

Bruno¹,

Noguera²,

Black³

et al. 2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Common dab Limanda limanda from Scottish and international waters were examined by quantitative real-time RT-qPCR for evidence of viral RNA consistent with salmonid alphaviruses (SAV). SAV prevalence in heart tissue varied between sampling sites and reached up to 17% in fish collected near the Shetland Islands, Scotland. Raw Ct values ranging from 22.31 to 39.45 were obtained from the SAV-positive tissue material using the nsP1 RT-qPCR assay. Bayesian-, likelihood-and distance-based phylogenetic analyses performed with the amplified partial E2 gene sequence dataset suggest that the dab-derived virus belongs to SAV Subtypes I, II and V. A single SAV subtype was identified from the majority of sampling sites, apart from Shetland, where Subtypes II and V were also identified. The presence of SAV RNA from common dab in regions detached from salmon aquaculture lends support to the hypothesis that common dab are bone fide wild reservoirs of SAV, independent of fish farming activity. There was no link between the occurrence of viral RNA, length and sex of the dab, water depth, or health status as recorded using the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) guidelines. In addition, the histological changes recorded in dab could not, with certainty, be attributed to infection with SAV. Finally, and for the first time, this study demonstrated that the dab-derived SAV Subtype V virus could be successfully cultured in a salmonid cell line.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Identification of a wild reservoir of salmonid alphavirus in common dab Limanda limanda, with emphasis on virus culture and sequencing

Bruno¹,

Noguera²,

Black³

et al. 2014

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…PMCV (Garseth, Biering, & Tengs, ) and CMS‐like pathology (Poppe & Seierstad, ) have also been described in wild Atlantic salmon in Norway. Apart from Atlantic salmon, the virus has been detected by PCR in Atlantic argentine ( Argentina silus Ascanius) in Norway (Böckerman, Wiik‐Nielsen, Sindre, Johansen, & Tengs, ), although sequence analysis showed this to be a distinct genotype (Tengs & Böckerman, ). Clinical signs associated with CMS in Atlantic salmon include exophthalmia, skin oedema, an enlarged and swollen or ruptured atrium with subsequent haemopericardium, blood tinged ascites, petechial haemorrhaging and diphtheritic fibrinous membranes on the liver.…”

Section: Overview Of Wrasse Sampling Clinical and Laboratory Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is supported by the phylogenetic and amino acid analysis, which do not indicate adaptations to a different host. It is unlikely that the infection originated from wild fish as the evidence to date suggests that PMCV is rare in wild marine fish (Böckerman et al., ) and annual PMCV screening, by the Marine Institute of different wrasse species from a number of bays around Ireland have all been negative to date. The findings in this communication show that wrasse are susceptible to PMCV infection and have to be considered potential reservoirs and vectors, posing a significant biosecurity risk to salmon, especially if reused or moved between sites or pens.…”

Section: Overview Of Wrasse Sampling Clinical and Laboratory Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piscine myocarditis virus detected in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) and ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

Scholz¹,

Ruane

Morrissey

et al. 2017

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…The disease was first detected in Norway in 1985 and later was diagnosed in farmed Atlantic salmon in the Faeroe Islands in Scotland and in British Columbia, Canada [1,2,12,13]. Recently, PMCV was detected in Atlantic argentine (Argentina silus, Ascanius) in Norway [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and molecular characterization of a novel piscine-myocarditis-like virus from baitfish in the USA

Mor

Phelps

2016

Arch Virol

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During a survey of apparently healthy baitfish from the state of Minnesota, a novel piscine-myocarditis-like virus (PMCLV) was detected in golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas). The nearly complete genome sequence is 5819 nt long, including a partial 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 100 nt. The sequence is divided into three ORFs: the complete ORF1 and ORF2, encoding proteins of 818 and 831 amino acids, respectively, and a partial ORF3 encoding 248 amino acids of the corresponding protein. This novel virus sequence was most closely related to piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV), with a 49.0 % and 58.2 % amino acid identity in the ORF1 (YP005481249)- and ORF2 (YP004581250)-encoded proteins, respectively. Six of 56 retail outlets (e.g., bait shops) were positive during the 2014-2015 survey, indicating a 10.7 % prevalence of the novel virus in this population of golden shiners. Currently, there is no disease that is known to be associated with this virus.

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Prevalence of piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) in marine fish species

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Identification of a wild reservoir of salmonid alphavirus in common dab Limanda limanda, with emphasis on virus culture and sequencing

Identification of a wild reservoir of salmonid alphavirus in common dab Limanda limanda, with emphasis on virus culture and sequencing

Piscine myocarditis virus detected in corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) and ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)

Detection and molecular characterization of a novel piscine-myocarditis-like virus from baitfish in the USA

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