Prevalence of Possible Depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Community Dwelling Adult Refugees and Refugee Applicants in South Korea

Sohn, Jin Ho; Lim, Jin; Lee, Jong Seok; Kim, Karan; Lim, Soo-Yeon; Byeon, Nahyun; Kim, Dong Woo; Kim, Kyae Hyoung; Kim, Min Sun; Cho, Sung‐Joon; Seo, Hwo Yeon; Park, Jee Eun; Kwon, Yong Jin; Kwon, Jun Soo; Ahn, Curie

doi:10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e97

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Two studies [37,43] found evidence for an association between unemployment and mental disorder, with five [33,34,39,41,47] finding no evidence. In their study with 90 asylum seekers in Israel, Nakash et al [43] found that unemployment was associated with higher rates of depression (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.04-5.09).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morgan et al [41] found no evidence of a relationship between 'not being able to find work', a proxy for unemployment, and anxiety (r = 0.21, p = 0.182), depression (r = 0.035, p = 0.826) or PTSD (r = − 0.106, p = 0.504). Eisen [34] found no evidence of an association between unemployment and PTSD (β = − 0.029, p = 0.766) or depression (β = − 0.036; p = 0.712), a pattern repeated for Sohn [47] with depression (OR = 1.19, 95% CI 0.21-6.61) and PTSD (OR = 1.821, 95% CI 0.34-9.91), Kashyap et al [39] for depression (β = − 0.1; p = 0.28) and PTSD (β = − 0.06; p = 0.51), and Boersma [33] for depression (r = − 0.033, p = 3.61) and somatization (r = − 0.04, p = − 0.336). Results Five studies [20,40,42,44,49] reported a score for general post-migration living difficulties derived from some of the factors in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study characteristics[15,20,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] …”

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Post-migration Social–Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems Among Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review

Jannesari

Hatch

Prina

et al. 2020

J Immigrant Minority Health

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People seeking asylum are at an increased risk of mental disorder compared to refugees and other migrants. This paper aims to understand the impact of postmigration social-environmental factors to help inform efforts to reduce rates of mental disorder. We conducted a systematic review searching 11 databases, as well as 6 government and nongovernment websites. We asked 5 experts for recommendations, and carried out forwards and backwards citation tracking. From 7004 papers 21 were eligible and had the appropriate data. Narrative synthesis was conducted. 24 Social-environmental factors were identified and categorised into 7 themes: working conditions, social networks, economic class, living conditions, healthcare, community and identity, and the immigration system. Evidence suggests that discrimination and post-migration stress are associated with increased rates of mental disorder. The post-migration environment influences the mental health of people seeking asylum. Discrimination and post-migration stress are key factors, warranting further research and public attention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-migration Social–Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems Among Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review

Jannesari

Hatch

Prina

et al. 2020

J Immigrant Minority Health

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“…Among the studies using general samples, 15 [ 17 , 18 , 20 , 30 , 39 , 47 – 49 , 54 , 55 , 77 , 79 , 83 , 85 , 88 ] reported on the prevalence of suicide attempts ( Table 3 ). The results are ordered by timeframe for the prevalence estimates and then sub-grouped by population type.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suicide rates and suicidal behaviour in displaced people: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Background Refugees, and other forcibly displaced people, face mental distress and may be disproportionately affected by risk factors for suicide. Little is known about suicidal behaviour in these highly mobile populations because collecting timely, relevant, and reliable data is challenging. Methods and findings A systematic review was performed to identify studies of any design reporting on suicide, suicide attempts, or suicidal ideation among populations of displaced people. A sensitive electronic database search was performed in August 2020, and all retrieved studies were screened for relevance by two authors. Studies were categorised by the population being evaluated: refugees granted asylum, refugees living in temporary camps, asylum seekers, or internally displaced people. We distinguished between whether the sampling procedure in the studies was likely to be representative, or the sample examined a specific non-representative subgroup of displaced people (such as those already diagnosed with mental illness). Data on the rates of suicide or the prevalence of suicide attempts or suicidal ideation were extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer from each study and converted to common metrics. After screening 4347 articles, 87 reports of 77 unique studies were included. Of these, 53 were studies in representative samples, and 24 were based on samples of specific target populations. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries, and the most studied population subgroup was refugees granted asylum. There was substantial heterogeneity across data sources and measurement instruments utilised. Sample sizes of displaced people ranged from 33 to 196,941 in studies using general samples. Suicide rates varied considerably, from 4 to 290 per 100,000 person-years across studies. Only 8 studies were identified that compared suicide rates with the host population. The prevalence of suicide attempts ranged from 0.14% to 15.1% across all studies and varied according to the prevalence period evaluated. Suicidal ideation prevalence varied from 0.17% to 70.6% across studies. Among refugees granted asylum, there was evidence of a lower risk of suicide compared with the host population in 4 of 5 studies. In contrast, in asylum seekers there was evidence of a higher suicide risk in 2 of 3 studies, and of a higher risk of suicidal ideation among refugees living in camps in 2 of 3 studies compared to host populations. Conclusion While multiple studies overall have been published in the literature on this topic, the evidence base is still sparse for refugees in camps, asylum seekers, and internally displaced people. Less than half of the included studies reported on suicide or suicide attempt outcomes, with most reporting on suicidal ideation. International research networks could usefully define criteria, definitions, and study designs to help standardise and facilitate more research in this important area. Registration PROSPERO CRD42019137242.

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“…The results were either not signi cant or refugees showed a lower risk of suicide attempts [24]. 25 [25] report 0.8% (n = 129) suicide attempts during the past year compared to 0.2% (n = 1,290) in Korean nationals.…”

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confidence: 90%

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Refugees: A Meta-analysis

Haase

Schönfelder

Nesterko

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Suicidal ideation and attempts are one of the most serious mental health problems affecting refugees. Risk factors such as mental disorders, low socio-economic status, and stressful life events all contribute to making refugees a high-risk group. For this reason, this meta-analysis aims to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts among refugees in non-clinical populations.Method: All studies published in English up through August 2020 were considered for the analysis. We searched four databases for articles reporting (period) prevalence rates of suicidal ideation and attempts. Results: Of 294 hits, 11 publications met the inclusion criteria. Overall prevalence rates were calculated using Rstudio. The overall period prevalence of suicidal ideation was 20.5% (CI: 0.11-0.32, I²=98%, n=8), 22.3% (CI: 0.10-0.38, I²=97%, n=5) for women, and 23.3% for men (CI: 0.13-0.35, I²=87%, n=3). Suicide attempts had an overall prevalence of 0.57% (CI: 0.00-0.02, I²=81%, n=4). Conclusion: There is a great lack of epidemiological studies on suicidal ideation and attempts among refugees. The high prevalence of suicidal ideation indicates the existence of heavy psychological burden among this population. The prevalence of suicide attempts is similar to that in non-refugee populations. In addition, the results underline the need for systematic and standardized assessment and treatment of suicidal ideation and attempts.

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Prevalence of Possible Depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder among Community Dwelling Adult Refugees and Refugee Applicants in South Korea

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Post-migration Social–Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems Among Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review

Post-migration Social–Environmental Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems Among Asylum Seekers: A Systematic Review

Suicide rates and suicidal behaviour in displaced people: A systematic review

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Refugees: A Meta-analysis

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