Prevalence of posterior elbow problems in Japanese high school baseball players

Kida, Yoshikazu; Morihara, Toru; Furukawa, Ryo; Sukenari, Tsuyoshi; Kotoura, Yoshihiro; Yoshioka, Naoki; Hojo, Tatsuya; Oda, Ryo; Sawada, Koshiro; Fujiwara, Hiroyoshi; Kubo, Toshikazu

doi:10.1016/j.jse.2016.05.004

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Twenty‐eight articles focused on pain of the elbow and/or shoulder related to overhead sports, published between 1965 and 2017. The studies were conducted in the USA, Japan, Norway, Brazil, Taiwan, and the UK . Sixteen of the articles that reported pain as outcome were cross‐sectional studies, nine articles collected data prospectively, and two studies had a retrospective design …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for elbow and shoulder overuse injuries in youth athletes: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Background:In order to create sport-specific preventive measures to enhance healthy sport participation in youth athletes, valid data on incidence, prevalence, and etiology of overuse injuries have to be identified. This systematic review aims to provide an update on incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for overuse injuries of the elbow and shoulder in youth athletes participating in overhead sports. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception until January 19, 2018, for studies that reported incidence, prevalence, or risk factors for overuse injuries or pain of the elbow and shoulder in youth overhead athletes. Results: In total, 36 studies were included. Incidence rates of overuse injuries of the elbow and shoulder were highest in tennis, baseball, and softball. Incidence and prevalence of elbow pain in baseball were 12%-58% and 17%-35%, respectively. Incidence of shoulder pain was 8%-32% for baseball, 47% for basketball, 63% for handball, and 52% for volleyball. Prevalence of shoulder pain was 9%-16% for baseball, 41% for basketball, 32%-49% for handball, and 40% for volleyball. Risk factors for pain were almost exclusively described for youth baseball players and included playing position, throwing technique, and intensity and duration of training. Conclusions: Incidence and prevalence of overuse injuries and pain of the elbow and shoulder are high in youth overhead athletes. Interpretation is challenging as different definitions are used to report overuse injuries and pain. Risk factors in youth baseball are largely covered by preventive pitch-count restrictions; knowledge on risk factors in other overhead sports is currently lacking. K E Y W O R D Sathletic injuries, elbow, overhead sports, overuse injuries, risk factors, shoulder

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incidence and prevalence of elbow pain have only been described in baseball players and were 12%‐58% and 17%‐45%, respectively. Seventeen to 63% of youth baseball players reported a history of pain in the elbow. Incidence of shoulder pain was highest among handball‐ (63%) and volleyball players (52%) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for elbow and shoulder overuse injuries in youth athletes: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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“…Athletes presenting with posteromedial olecranon impingement and olecranon osteophytes usually complain of posteromedial elbow pain during the extension or follow-through phase of throwing, which is often associated with a gradual loss of control, causing throws to miss high. 49,105 This condition first described by Wilson et al in 1983 is the most common elbow injury in adult professional baseball players and usually occurs following maturation through adolescence as valgus extension forces predominate around 18.6 years of age. [106][107][108][109][110] Mechanical symptoms such as locking, catching, and/or crepitus that can localize to the posterior elbow are common; however, the presence of severe pain may suggest osteophyte fracture.…”

Section: Posteromedial Impingement and Olecranon Osteophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the offending osteophyte is quite small, pre-operative CT can help guide the surgeon to the correct location. 49,[106][107][108][109]115 Elbow arthroscopy has been shown to be a safe and reliable treatment for posteromedial impingement and olecranon osteophytes. Early studies cautioned that operative management targeted at treating secondary effects of UCL insufficiency, such as posteromedial impingement, often led to unsatisfactory results without addressing the underlying UCL.…”

Section: Posteromedial Impingement and Olecranon Osteophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, some athletes with posterior impingement complain of medial pain. 49 In this regard, the differential diagnosis for elbow injuries is wide and a number of conditions should be considered given the varying injury patterns that result from the repetitive stress of the overhead throwing motion and pathologic biomechanics. Lateral pathologies include the presence of radiocapitellar plica that tend to occur in association with OCD lesions that arise from lateral radiocapitellar compression loading forces at the capitellum/radial head.…”

Section: Differential Diagnosis Of Elbow Pain In the Adolescent Overhead Throwermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation and management of elbow injuries in the adolescent overhead athlete

2021

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With an increased interest in youth sports, the burden of overhead throwing elbow injuries accompanying early single-sport focus has steadily risen. During the overhead throwing motion, valgus torque can reach and surpass Newton meters (N m) during the late cocking and early acceleration phases, which exceeds the tensile strength (22.7–33 N m) of the ulnar collateral ligament. While the ulnar collateral ligament serves as the primary valgus stabilizer between and degrees of elbow flexion, other structures about the elbow must contribute to stability during throwing. Depending on an athlete’s stage of skeletal maturity, certain patterns of injury are observed with mechanical failures resulting from increased medial laxity, lateral-sided compression, and posterior extension shearing forces. Together, these injury patterns represent a wide range of conditions that arise from valgus extension overload. The purpose of this article is to review common pathologies observed in the adolescent overhead throwing athlete in the context of functional anatomy, osseous development, and throwing mechanics. Operative and non-operative management and their associated outcomes will be discussed for these injuries.

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