Prevalence of pre-diabetes and risk factors among secondary school adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Pre-diabetes is an emerging public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.
 Objectives: To estimate prevalence of pre-diabetes and assess its associated factors among adolescents. The risk factors were divided into individual, interpersonal and community factors, adapting socio-ecological model.
 Methods: This study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The target population was secondary school adolescents of Osogbo Local Government. Questionnaire was used to interview 405 participants through multi-stage sampling. Predia- betes was measure through fasting blood glucose.
 Results: Findings revealed prevalence rate of 9.4%. Individual factors identified to be significant include age, religion and family history. Further analysis showed adolescents with normal BMI and high BP are likely to develop pre-diabetes when compared to those with underweight and normal BP respectively. Among interpersonal factors, parents’ dietary habit was significant. Also, adolescents with employed parents were likely to develop pre-diabetes compared to those with unemployed parents. Lastly, availability of healthy food in school was the only statistically significant community factor. Hence, the more availability of food, fruits and vegetables in schools, the less likelihood of developing prediabetes.
 Conclusion: These findings affirmed that prediabetes is becoming common problem among Nigerian adolescents. There is therefore need for stakeholders to face this challenge before it becomes endemic.
 Keywords: Pre-diabetes; adolescents; individual factors; interpersonal factors; community factors.

Knowledge, attitude, and perceived risks related to diabetes mellitus among university students in Southwestern Nigeria

“…As a result, it is projected that the global population of individuals living with diabetes may reach as high as 570 million by the year 2040 [ 11 ].Africa has one of the highest prevalence rates of high-risk groups for DM, with approximately 10% of its population exhibiting impaired glucose tolerance values [ 12 ]. In Nigeria, similar findings have been documented, highlighting a high risk of diabetes among adolescents in various regions: Port Harcourt (17%) [ 13 ], Ibadan (4%) [ 14 ], and Osogbo (9%) [ 15 ]. The increasing prevalence of DM among children, adolescents, and young adults is attributed to rising rates of obesity [ 16 , 17 ], physical inactivity [ 10 , 18 ], and unhealthy dietary habits [ 19 ].…”

Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus Among Adult Population Within a Southern Nigerian Community

“…Complications associated with diabetes include damage to the brain, heart, kidneys, and limbs. Alarmingly, over 50% of individuals living with diabetes are unaware of their condition, particularly in Nigeria where poor healthcare, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and poverty persist [4].…”

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, both prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are becoming significant issues. In 2017, the increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is closely linked to the upsurge in obesity [4]. About 90% of type 2 diabetes is attributable to excess weight.…”

Prediabetic risk factors among children and adolescents with obesity

“…Prediabetes is a reversible condition of glucose irregularities that is often linked with obesity and other metabolic disorders (Lee et al, 2017). It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels that are greater than usual but not high enough to cause diabetes (O Akintayo-Usman et al, 2021). There are three criteria used by American Diabetes Association (ADA) to diagnose prediabetes: a fasting blood glucose level from 100mg/dl to 125mg/dl, or a hemoglobin A1c value from 5.7 % to 6.4 %, and a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) reading of between 140mg/dl and 199mg/dl (Care & Suppl, 2020).…”