Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension and its related risk factors among undergraduate students in a Tertiary institution, Ghana

Gyamfi, Daniel; Obirikorang, Christian; Acheampong, Emmanuel; Danquah, Kwabena Owusu; Asamoah, Evans Adu; Liman, Fatima Zarah; Batu, Emmanuella Nsenbah

doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2018.02.002

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This current study on SHS students reveals a high prevalence of hypertension on the future generation of Ghana, with almost 40% with pre-HTN and a little over 5% with stages 1 and 2 HTN. This corresponds to the already existed literature of a 26.1% prevalence of pre-HTN in students of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) 17. Although their study may differ a bit by the age range of their sample, it depicts a future speedy increase of the disease among indigenes of this country if measures are not put in place.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

<p>A cross-sectional study of risk factors and hypertension among adolescent Senior High School students</p>

Amponsem-Boateng¹,

Zhang²,

Oppong³

et al. 2019

DMSO

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Introduction Hypertension is among the first five causes of mortality, globally contributing more than 40% to cardiac related deaths worldwide, with almost 70% cardiovascular deaths in the low- and middle-income countries. Its burden is projected to be 150 million by 2025 based on epidemiological data within the Sub-Saharan Africa regions, with Ghana experiencing 505,180 increases in 2007. It is currently among the leading cause of death in the country, with prevalence ranging from 19% to 48%. There is limited data concerning hypertension on Ghanaian youth. Particularly, on those at the Senior High School (SHS) level that represents the immediate workforce of the country on the depth of prevalence, knowledge as well as the risk factors that may predispose them into having prehypertension and hypertension for proper records and interventional measures and that is what this study pursues to do. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was employed in five different SHSs in the Ashanti region of Ghana from December 2018 to February 2019 with structured questionnaires and physical screening of participants. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for relation knowledge and riskfactors on HTN. Results The overall prevalence of pre-HTN within the group was 33.8%, with stages 1 and 2 HTN prevalence of 5.4%. Sixty-three percent do not have an idea of what HTN is, and positive associations were found between no physical exercises, no addition of extra salt, type of food often eaten and family history. Conclusion This study establishes prevalence in pre-HTN within students at the SHS level with low knowledge and high risk factors on the disease. This indication is beneficial to target the interventional programs on this population at this early stage by inculcating education on HTN prevalence and its risks in the educational curricular by the government.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

<p>A cross-sectional study of risk factors and hypertension among adolescent Senior High School students</p>

Amponsem-Boateng¹,

Zhang²,

Oppong³

et al. 2019

DMSO

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“…A recent systematic review has reported a paucity of data on cardiometabolic risk factors among the adolescent overweight/obese population in sub-Sahara Africa [50]. Some studies in Ghana have reported pre-hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and hypertension prevalence of 28.3, 36.3 and 39.2% among some adolescent and youth populations [31,56,57], which were less than what we are reporting. The high prevalence we reported could have resulted from "white coat" effect [58], as our study was conducted in a clinic setting.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Ghanaian adolescent population

Sirikyi

Eliason

Ghartey

et al. 2020

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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ObjectivesAdolescent overweight and obesity is a public health concern globally, especially in lower- and middle- income countries where there is an additional burden of undernutrition. The prevalence of adolescent overweight/2obesity has increased markedly over the past three decades. The transition in dietary habits coupled with reduced physical activity has been blamed for the increasing trend. Overweight/obesity in adolescence is complicated by cardiometabolic, respiratory, musculoskeletal and psychosocial disorders. Additionally, adolescent obesity is a predictor of future development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with adolescent overweight/obesity in Ghana is lacking, the project, therefore, was undertaken to add to the existing knowledge.MethodsThe study was undertaken in adolescent students of a tertiary institution in Ghana. Two hundred and one students consented to participate in the study. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, dietary and substance abuse habits were self-administered. Blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference measures were performed and venous blood drawn for the determination of fasting serum total/LDL/HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Body mass indices were determined as the weight per square of their heights.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity was determined to be 15.81% generally, 27.71% in the females and 7.08% in the males. Diastolic blood pressure was the only cardiometabolic risk factor significantly associated with obesity in our study.ConclusionOverweight/obesity is common in Ghanaian adolescents, with the prevalence highest in the female population.

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“…market men and women). The majority of the studies (62.4%) involved the general population while two (2.4%) conducted were among tertiary-level students [ 57 , 90 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bosu

Bosu²

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Hypertension is a major health problem in Ghana, being a leading cause of admissions and deaths in the country. In the context of a changing food and health policy environment, we undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020177174) and a meta-analysis of the prevalence of adult hypertension, and its awareness and control in Ghana. Methods We searched major databases including PubMed, Embase as well as Google Scholar and online digital collections of public universities of Ghana to locate relevant published and unpublished community-based articles up till April 2020. Findings Eighty-five articles involving 82,045 apparently-healthy subjects aged 15–100 years were analyzed. In individual studies, the prevalence of hypertension, defined in most cases as blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, ranged from 2.8% to 67.5%. The pooled prevalence from the meta-analysis was 27.0% (95% CI 24.0%-30.0%), being twice as high in the coastal (28%, 95% CI: 24.0%-31.0%) and middle geo-ecological belts (29%, 95% CI: 25.0%-33.0%) as in the northern belt (13%, 95% CI: 7.0%-21.0%). The prevalence was similar by sex, urban-rural residence or peer-review status of the included studies. It did not appear to vary over the study year period 1976–2019. Of the subjects with hypertension, only 35% (95% CI: 29.0%-41.0%) were aware of it, 22% (95% CI: 16.0%-29.0%) were on treatment and 6.0% (95% CI: 3.0%-10.0%) had their blood pressure controlled. Sensitivity analyses corroborated the robust estimates. There was, however, high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%) across the studies which was partly explained by prevalent obesity in the subjects. Conclusion More than one in four adults in Ghana have hypertension. This high prevalence has persisted for decades and is similar in rural and urban populations. With the low awareness and poor control of hypertension, greater investments in cardiovascular health are required if Ghana is to meet the global target for hypertension.

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Prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension and its related risk factors among undergraduate students in a Tertiary institution, Ghana

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

<p>A cross-sectional study of risk factors and hypertension among adolescent Senior High School students</p>

<p>A cross-sectional study of risk factors and hypertension among adolescent Senior High School students</p>

Anthropometric indices and cardiometabolic risk factors in a Ghanaian adolescent population

Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Ghana: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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