Prevalence of Preeclampsia in Brazil: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Objective To review literature and estimate the occurrence of preeclampsia and its complications in Brazil. Methods We performed an integrative review of the literature, and included observational studies published until August 2021 on the SciELO and PubMed databases that evaluated preeclampsia among pregnant women in Brazil. Other variables of interests were maternal death, neonatal death, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and eclampsia. Three independent reviewers evaluated all retrieved studies and selected those that met inclusion criteria. A metanalysis of the prevalence of preeclampsia and eclampsia was also performed, to estimate a pooled frequency of those conditions among the studies included. Results We retrieved 304 studies after the initial search; of those, 10 were included in the final analysis, with a total of 52,986 women considered. The pooled prevalence of preeclampsia was of 6.7%, with a total of 2,988 cases reported. The frequency of eclampsia ranged from 1.7% to 6.2%, while the occurrence of HELLP syndrome was underreported. Prematurity associated to hypertensive disorders ranged from 0.5% to 1.72%. Conclusion The frequency of preeclampsia was similar to that reported in other international studies, and it is increasing in Brazil, probably due to the adoption of new diagnostic criteria. The development of a national surveillance network would be essential to understand the problem of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Brazil.

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“…18.0%) ( 12 ). Non-pregnant Brazilian women have been reported to have a diabetes mellitus prevalence of 8.4% ( 13 ), which is significantly lower than the 87.5% prevalence we documented.…”

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“…Guida et al 2 analyzed data on the prevalence of eclampsia in Brazil. The cumulative frequency of hypertensive disease during pregnancy was 6.7%, which is similar to other countries.…”

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“…5 A meta-analysis that included 10 studies and 2988 women estimated the prevalence of preeclampsia in 6.7% with 95% Confidence interval (CI) of 4.9%-8.6%, in Brazil. 6 A meta-analysis that combined data of preeclampsia in pregnant women infected with the new coronavirus from 10 studies estimated a prevalence of 8.2% (95% CI: 5.7 to 11.7%). In addition, stratification by country showed prevalence of 10.8% (95% CI: 8.1% to 14.3%) and 10.4% (95% CI: 5.0% to 20.1%) for the United States and China, respectively.…”

“…5 A meta-analysis that included 10 studies and 2988 women estimated the prevalence of preeclampsia in 6.7% with 95% Confidence interval (CI) of 4.9%-8.6%, in Brazil. 6 …”