Prevalence of prehypertension and its relationship to risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Jamaica: Analysis from a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Background: Recent studies have documented an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in persons with systolic blood pressures of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressures of 80-89 mmHg, classified as prehypertension in the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. In this paper we estimate the prevalence of prehypertension in Jamaica and evaluate the relationship between prehypertension and other risk factors for CVD.

Prehypertension in disease-free adults: a marker for an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile

“…Recent data from various countries show a very similar prevalence of PreHTN in Jamaica, 24 Japan, 25 and Turkey 26 as is being reported here in disease-free adults representative of the US population. The markers for the increased CVD risk in the United States appear to mirror those in China 34 and Japan: 28 increase with age, the male gender and BMI (a lower Asian BMI: BMI423 kg m À2 is considered being overweight in the Japanese population).…”

“…of normal blood pressure, prehypertension and unmedicated hypertension in disease-free adults The prevalence in Jamaica (2012 subjects sampled) was very similar to India, 30% overall, with a male predominance (35 vs. 25% in women). 24 Prevalence in Japan (4706 men and 7342 women) has been reported to be 34.8% in men and 31.8% in women, 25 similar to India and Jamaica. Interestingly the prevalence of PreHTN in Turkey (3015 subjects sampled) was also similar at 38.2% and doubled the risk for metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease among women, but only with metabolic syndrome in men.…”

Prehypertension among young adult females in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

“…Prehypertension was recognized to be more common among males than females, regardless of age [15][16][17][18]. Also, national studies conducted in Saudi Arabia revealed that hypertension was more common among males than females [4,5].…”

Prehypertension, Parental history of hypertension and Metabolic risk factors in young individuals

“…Studies point to a greater probability of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in prehypertensives than normotensives [8,9]. Some studies showed no significant association of Diabetes mellitus with prehypertension but have established a significant association between high serum cholesterol levels and prehypertension status [10,11] Insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia have been suggested as being responsible for the increased arterial pressure in patients with hypertension. The mechanisms include renal sodium retention and increased sympathetic activity by hyperinsulinemia , vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy secondary to [4].…”