Prevalence of Prostate Cancer in Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Patel, Nikhil H.; Ngo, Kenneth; Hastings, James E.; Ketchum, Nicholas; Sepahpanah, Farhad

doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.04.024

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed [reviewed in Ref. (135)], mostly related to the disruption of prostatic regulatory neurohormonal axes following the spinal lesion (133, 134). This would account for the observation that risk for PCa is lower only for higher level SCI (above vs. below T6 has been the only cutoff level investigated so far) (135), as prostatic innervation involves lower spinal segments (21).…”

Section: Correlations Between Prostate Cancer and Neural Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate Cancer and Neuroendocrine Differentiation: More Neuronal, Less Endocrine?

2015

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Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) marks a structural and functional feature of certain cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), whereby the malignant tissue contains a significant proportion of cells displaying neuronal, endocrine, or mixed features. NED cells produce, and can secrete, a cocktail of mediators commonly encountered in the nervous system, which may stimulate and coordinate cancer growth. In PCa, NED appears during advanced stages, subsequent to treatment, and accompanies treatment resistance and poor prognosis. However, the term “neuroendocrine” in this context is intrinsically vague. This article seeks to provide a framework on which a unified view of NED might emerge. First, we review the mutually beneficial interplay between PCa and neural structures, mainly supported by cell biology experiments and neurological conditions. Next, we address the correlations between PCa and neural functions, as described in the literature. Based upon the integration of clinical and basic observations, we suggest that it is legitimate to seek for true neural differentiation, or neuromimicry, in cancer progression, most notably in PCa cells exhibiting what is commonly described as NED.

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Section: Correlations Between Prostate Cancer and Neural Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate Cancer and Neuroendocrine Differentiation: More Neuronal, Less Endocrine?

2015

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“…Hence, as shown in Figure 1 , a total of 37 studies were identified; however, only 9 of them met the inclusion criteria. 12 13 16 17 18 23 24 25 26 The details of the selected articles are reported in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of prostate cancer in men with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Barbonetti¹,

D’Andrea

Martorella

et al. 2018

Asian J Androl

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A lower risk of prostate cancer has been reported in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) as compared to that observed in able-bodied subjects. As injury-related consequences can have opposite effects on prostate pathophysiology, this meta-analysis aimed to (1) establish the existence/quantify the extent of decreased prostate cancer risk following SCI and (2) find out if there is any statistically significant difference in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels between SCI and able-bodied subjects. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect databases were used. Only studies reporting a prostate cancer diagnosis and/or PSA levels following SCI and in able-bodied controls were included. Five studies provided information about prostate cancer on 35 293 subjects with SCI and 158 140 controls. Six studies were included in PSA analysis which reported information on 391 men with SCI and 1921 controls. Pooled estimates indicated that SCI reduced the prostate cancer risk by approximately 50% as compared to controls, whereas differences in PSA levels were not statistically significant. Funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias only in PSA analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was established and when, according to meta-regression models, analysis was restricted to studies including men with mean age over 55 years, prostate cancer risk in SCI decreased up to 65.0% than that in controls with no heterogeneity (P = 0.33, I2 = 9%). In conclusion, in men over 55 years old, SCI decreases the prostate cancer risk up to 65.0% than that in controls. The large between-study heterogeneity on PSA confirms its poor reliability as a screening tool for prostate cancer in SCI.

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“…Ten years later, he developed haematuria and cancer of prostate was detected. Patel and associates [9] found a lower prevalence of prostate cancer among veterans with chronic spinal cord injury in comparison with age-matched veterans without spinal cord injury. However, the prostate cancer detected in the patients with spinal cord injury tended to be of a more advanced stage and grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patient with Melanoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Hepatic and Osteolytic Metastases: Need to Implement Strategies for Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Vaidyanathan

Mansour

Hughes

et al. 2012

Case Reports in Oncological Medicine

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A male tetraplegic patient with, who had been taking warfarin, developed haematuria. Ultrasound scan revealed no masses, stones, or hydronephrosis. Urinary bladder had normal configuration with no evidence of masses or organised haematoma. Urine cytology revealed no malignant cells. Four months later, CT urography revealed an irregular mass at the base of urinary bladder. Cystoscopic biopsy revealed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, which contained goblet cells and pools of mucin showing strongly positive immunostaining for prostatic acid hosphatase and patchy staining for prostate specific antigen. Computed Tomography revealed multiple hypodense hepatic lesions and several osteolytic areas in femoral heads and iliac bone. With a presumptive diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma, leuprorelin acetate 3.75 mg was prescribed. This patient expired a month later. Conclusion. (i) Spinal cord injury patient, who passed blood in urine while taking warfarin, requires repeated investigations to look for urinary tract neoplasm. (ii) Anti-androgen therapy should be prescribed for 2 weeks prior to administration of gonadorelin analogue to prevent tumour flare causing bone pain, bladder outlet obstruction, uraemia, and cardiovascular risk due to hypercoagulability associated with a rapid increase in tumour burden. (iii) Spinal cord physicians should adopt a caring and compassionate approach while managing tetraplegic patients with several co-morbidities, as aggressive diagnostic tests and therapeutic procedures may lead to deterioration in the quality of life.

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Prevalence of Prostate Cancer in Patients With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Prostate Cancer and Neuroendocrine Differentiation: More Neuronal, Less Endocrine?

Prostate Cancer and Neuroendocrine Differentiation: More Neuronal, Less Endocrine?

Risk of prostate cancer in men with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Patient with Melanoma, Adenocarcinoma, and Hepatic and Osteolytic Metastases: Need to Implement Strategies for Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer in Spinal Cord Injury Patients

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