Prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and related psychopathological symptoms among patients with COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic

Abstract

Background The possibility of psychopathological symptoms and related risk factors among normal persons and patients infected during the outbreak of COVID-19 has been widely investigated. The mental health outcomes of the second wave of the pandemic remain unclear, especially those of patients with an infection. Thus, this study aims to explore the prevalence of and related risk factors associated with psychopathological symptoms among patients infected with COVID-19 during the second wave. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted in five isolated wards of a designated hospital in Beijing, China, from July 1 to July 15, 2020. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was conducted to assess psychiatric disorders, and a series of scales were used to measure self-reported psychopathological symptoms and psychosomatic factors. Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with psychopathological symptoms. Results Among 119 participants with infections, the prevalence of generalized anxiety symptoms (51.3%), depressive symptoms (41.2%), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS)/posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (33.6%) was observed. Loneliness, hope, coping strategies, and history of mental disorders were the shared risk or protective factors across several psychopathological symptoms. The perceived impact of COVID-19 is the specific risk factor associated with state anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSS/PTSD is high among patients with infections during the second wave of the pandemic in Beijing. Clinical doctors must realize that these patients will probably experience depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and PTSS/PTSD, as well as some neuropsychiatric syndromes. Specific mental health care is urgently required to help patients manage the virus during the second wave of the pandemic.

Psychiatric Manifestations and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria

“…Similarly, Zhang et al and Kong et al in China reported that older patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have depression and anxiety. [21,28] Older persons are generally more likely to have comorbidity that have been associated with a severe form of COVID-19. [29] In the analysis of the severity of COVID-19, we found that having moderate to severe symptoms significantly increased the risk of having depression and anxiety.…”

“…Similarly, high rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms were reported by Paz et al in Ecuador and Zhang et al in China in patients with COVID-19. [7,21] As the pandemic spreads rapidly around the world with devastating effects, it is expected that an increasing number of persons would experience anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems especially in the context of a confirmed infection. This is made worse by the inappropriate risk communication and misinformation on social media.…”

“…This is a 7-item self-report questionnaire that allows for the rapid detection of GAD. [21] Participants are asked if they were bothered by anxiety-related problems over the past two weeks by answering seven items on a 4-point scale. The total scores range from 0 to 21.…”

Predictors of quality of life among Brazilian medical students during second coronavirus wave

“…However, individuals facing social isolation are still experiencing negative changes in their well-being because they lack freedom, are far from their loved ones, and also, are frequently bored at home. 9 Apart from constantly facing social exclusion, sexual minority medical students may have to deal with rejection and discrimination upon returning to the negative family nucleus due to the closure of higher education institutions. Moreover, Brazilian young adults have reported feeling "suffocated" as they are being forced to hide their truth by not expressing their sexual identity in the same environment as potential aggressors since it may result in psychological damage.…”

Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Psychiatric Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…We assume that due to their susceptibility and vulnerability to crisis, the prevalence of PTSD symptoms among psychiatric patients might be higher than that of the general population during the pandemic [10,11]. Based on previous study, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related factors, we used psychosomatic factors from the perspective of psychological factors (i.e., loneliness, anxiety, and depression), somatic factors (i.e., quality of life, sleep quality), and social ecological factors (i.e., social support) as possible associated factors for PTSD symptoms [24,27]. Above all, we hypothesized as follows: (1) The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among psychiatric patients will be higher than that of the general population during the pandemic.…”