Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in a Mandatory Screening Program for Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Pilot Study

Pace, Joseph L.; Brown, George R.; Rundell, James R.; Paolucci, Susan L.; Drexler, Karen; McManis, Susan E.

doi:10.1093/milmed/155.2.76

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Rates of comorbid personality disorders are increased in HIV-infected patients [35][36][37][38]. Personality disorders are also associated with substance use disorders.…”

Section: Comorbid Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood disorders in HIV infection

et al. 1998

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“…Rates of comorbid personality disorders are increased in HIV-infected patients [35][36][37][38]. Personality disorders are also associated with substance use disorders.…”

Section: Comorbid Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mood disorders in HIV infection

et al. 1998

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“…This is in contrast to lower rates of personality disorders in seronegative samples of 15-20% and in community samples of 1 to 11% [60][61][62][63]. Disorders characterized by impulsivity and interpersonal and affective instability (Cluster B) are most prevalent in HIV + samples, with borderline (BPD) and antisocial (ASPD) personality disorder most common in HIV+ PD patients [59,[64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Neuropsychiatric Features Of Hiv and Substance Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Dysfunction among HIV Infected Drug Abusers

Norman

Kumar

2006

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented to cause direct and indirect central nervous system dysfunction that can be observed as a progressive decline in neuropsychological functioning in a large proportion of persons with HIV and AIDS. Neuropsychological decline in individuals with HIV is characterized by cognitive and motor slowing, attentional deficits, executive dysfunction and memory impairment (characterized by intact recognition and deficits in learning and delayed recall). Dementia occurs in a relatively small proportion of HIV infected individuals, though milder NP deficits are observed in 30-50% of persons with advanced disease. Recent evidence suggests that drug users, especially stimulant users, are at risk for accelerated progression of their HIV disease, including a greater risk of neuropsychological dysfunction. Methamphetamine may potentiate HIV Tat protein mediated neurotoxicity giving rise to striatal proinflammatory cytokine stimulation and activation of redox-regulated transcription factors. Oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction is another candidate process underlying the synergistic effects of stimulant use and HIV. Damage to neurotransmitter systems including the dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems which are affected by both stimulant use and HIV is an alternate explanation. Methamphetamine has also been shown to impede the effectiveness of HAART, which could then in turn allow for more rapid HIV disease progression. A greater prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly mood, anxiety and substance use disorders are also observed in HIV positive samples relative to the general population. The changing nature of the HIV pandemic is an ongoing challenge to investigators and clinicians working in this field. Emerging issues requiring additional attention are study of the interactive effects of normal aging and HIV on neurocognition as well as study of the effects of co-infection with Hepatitis C.

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“…Early behavioral HIV research, extrapolating from HIV-seropositive samples, did suggest that personality disorders, including anti-social personality, might be associated with HIV acquisition (e.g., Atkinson et al 1988; Pace et al 1990). This earlier literature had many methodological limitations and its findings have not been explored in better designed samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemental Issue on Does Early Intervention Prevent Health-Risking Sexual Behaviors Related to HIV/AIDS: Commentary on Effects

Jenkins

2013

Prev Sci

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Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in a Mandatory Screening Program for Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Pilot Study

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Mood disorders in HIV infection

Mood disorders in HIV infection

Neuropsychological Dysfunction among HIV Infected Drug Abusers

Supplemental Issue on Does Early Intervention Prevent Health-Risking Sexual Behaviors Related to HIV/AIDS: Commentary on Effects

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