Prevalence of pterygium and cataract in indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon rain forest

Paula, Jayter Silva; Thorn, Frank; Cruz, Anna Bárbara de Souza

doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701917

Cited by 48 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results are similar to those by other studies, and most of them confirm that there is a correlation between pterygium and age. [4][5][6][11][12][13][15][16][17] In this study, we found that a VA worse than 20/40 in the better eye is five times more likely among people with pterygium, and although this factor has been assessed in a limited number of studies, they support our findings. This can be due to a change in the convexity of the cornea and development of astigmatism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Some reports indicate that pterygium prevalence rates are lower than 2.0% where Compared to almost all other studies, the prevalence of pinguecula is relatively low in Tehran, and the only report indicating similar results concerns a study in Australia with a prevalence of 1.2% in Melbourne. 4 In contrast to the studies in Tehran and Melbourne, higher prevalence rates have been reported in other populations; 6,7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] even as high as 33.1 and 23% in China and Carolina, respectively (Table 4). 5,14 In this study, the prevalence of pterygium according to gender was higher in men only in the 20-to 39-year-old age group, and no significant correlation was seen between pterygium and gender in other age groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…Some reports state pterygium is more prevalent among men in all age groups. 4,6,12,16 There are also reports indicating higher prevalence rates among women, 5,13 and yet some studies found no correlation between pterygium and gender (Table 4). 11,15,17,18 On the basis of the results of this study, the prevalence of pterygium significantly increases with age in both genders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium and pinguecula: the Tehran Eye Study

Fotouhi

Hashemi

Khabazkhoob

et al. 2008

Eye

100

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Purpose To determine the prevalence and causes of pterygium and pinguecula in the population of Tehran in 2002. Methods In a cross-sectional population study with cluster sampling, 6497 residents of Tehran were selected from 160 clusters. Samples were chosen according to a door-todoor head counting and were then invited for free examinations. After the interview, ophthalmic examinations were performed at an eye clinic. Results Of the selected sample, 4564 people (70.3%) participated in the study. The age-and gender-standardized prevalence of pterygium in this population was 1.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.6%). The prevalence of pterygium was 1.4 and 1.1% in men and women, respectively (P40.05). The prevalence of pinguecula in this study was 22.5% (95% CI: 21.1-24.0%); 27.1% in men and 17.7% in women (Po0.001). In both genders, the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula showed a significant increase with age (Po0.001). Conclusions This study concerns the status of pterygium and pinguecula according to age and gender in the population of Tehran. The overall prevalence rates were 1.3 and 22.5% for pterygium and pinguecula, respectively. The comparison of the results with those reported from other areas of the world suggests lower prevalence rates in Tehran.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium and pinguecula: the Tehran Eye Study

Fotouhi

Hashemi

Khabazkhoob

et al. 2008

Eye

100

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“…According to the reports, a pterygium prevalence of 12.8 % from total Indian population (11) and 18.4 % among elderly and adults was described. Furthermore, pterygium lesions were found mainly in Indian groups with higher UV exposure (12) . The objective of this study is to evaluate pterygium prevalence and characteristcs in small communities of the Amazon rainforest located along the Solimões and Japurá rivers, state of Amazonas, Brazil (Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and prevalence of pterygium in small communities along the Solimões and Japurá rivers of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest

Ribeiro¹,

Ribeiro²,

Castro³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras.oftalmol.

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Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of pterygium in small communities along the Solimões and Japurá rivers, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Design: cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was carried out on populations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Data were collected by two separate ophthalmologists in three expeditions, covering 55 local communities. A total number of 1295 patients were examined, of which 659 were over 18 years old. The patients diagnosed with pterygium answered a questionnaire addressing gender, age and outdoor activity. Pterygium lesion sizes were graded as grade 1 (lesion covers until limbus), grade 2 (lesion covers cornea by 2 mm), grade 3 (lesion surrounds the pupil) and grade 4 (lesion crosses the pupil). Results: Pterygium prevalence was 21.2% for the overall population and 41.1% in those over 18 years old. Patients between 40-50 years old were most affected by pterygium. Pterygium data distribution by gender showed that 57.8% were men. The majority of the patients diagnosed with pterygium was active outdoors (89.5%). Subjects affected in both eyes were 75.6%. Of the total population positive to pterygium the majority was grade 1 (44%) and 2 (48.7%). Most of the patients (85%) developed nasal pterygium. Conclusion: This study shows one of the highest prevalences of pterygium in the world, covering a Brazilian region never studied before.

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“…Prevalence of this connective tissue growth over cornea in this population (26.2%) was much higher than the worldwide rate (10.2%). [39] Very few published studies reported greater prevalence of pterygium: 33.01% in Doumen County, China [40]; 30.8% in Kumejima Island, Japan [41]; and 36.6% in Arawak and Tukano indian communities from Amazon forest [42]. Rural environment, low geographical latitude of Conceição das Crioulas and preponderance of black ethnicity among quilombolas may contribute to the high prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

Oliveira¹,

Leitão²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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Purpose: To report ophthalmological findings from one quilombo remnant population, a Brazilian marginalized rural and slave-descendant community.Methods: Descriptive study of eye health from one of the largest quilombo communities in Brazil, located in Conceição das Crioulas, Pernambuco. Ophthalmic exam including visual acuity, refractive examination, biomicroscopy, fundus examination, tonometry and pachymetry was performed in a convenience sample of 255 residents over 40 years-old, representing approximately one third of the population in this age range.Results: Half of the subjects had never been examined by an ophthalmologist in their lives. Blindness was identified in 6.7% of participants and low vision in 8.6%. Visual impairment was caused mainly by cataract and uncorrected refractive errors. Cataract was found in 27.3% of subjects. Ametropia was documented in 71% of participants and the most prevalent refraction error was hyperopia. Prevalence of glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration were respectively 5.4% and 1.9%. Pterygium was detected in 26.7% of participants. Correcting lenses were prescribed to 57.4% of individuals, 5.5% were referred for surgery, 2.7% to specialized clinics and 1.2% to additional tests. Conclusions:Blindness, cataract and pterygium were highly frequent in quilombo residents, and distribution of other ocular diseases were close to average published rates. Data collected may help planning preventive and promotive actions for eye health of socioeconomic disadvantaged quilombo populations.

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Prevalence of pterygium and cataract in indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon rain forest

Cited by 48 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium and pinguecula: the Tehran Eye Study

Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium and pinguecula: the Tehran Eye Study

Characteristics and prevalence of pterygium in small communities along the Solimões and Japurá rivers of the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest

Ocular Findings in a Brazilian Rural Slave-Descendant Community: Eye Health in Quilombos

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