Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the tribal populations in India

Thomas, Beena; Thiruvengadam, Kannan; Chandrasekaran, Venkatesh; Srividya, A.; Rao, V G; Vijayachari, P.; Yadav, Ramesh Singh; Raghavi,; Bansal, Avi Kumar; Krishna, Anil Kumar Indira; Joseph, Alex; J, Anil Purty; Hussain, Tahziba; Anand, Praveen Kumar; Das, Pradeep; John, Kevin John; Devi, Kangjam Rekha; P, Sunish; Azhagendran, S; Dusthakeer, Azger; Bhat, Jyothi; Chadha, V. K.; Toteja, G S; Raghunath, D; Das, Madhuchhanda; Khan, Abdul Mabood; Kaur, Harpreet

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251519

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings of high TB burden have been reported among indigenous population globally [21,22]. In India, studies conducted in other indigenous groups reported TB prevalence rates ranging from 133 to 840 per 100 000 in different parts of the country [5,11,[23][24][25][26]. Our finding highlights an alarmingly high level of bacteriologically confirmed PTB incidence in this disadvantaged community.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

High incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in an indigenous Saharia tribe in Madhya Pradesh, central India—A prospective cohort study

Bhat

Yadav

Sharma

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Background Lack of TB incidence data is an important evidence gap among Saharia–a high TB burden indigenous community in Madhya Pradesh, central India. The present study was undertaken to calculate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in this tribe. Objective To calculate the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among the Saharia tribal population in Madhya Pradesh, central India. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among the Saharia tribal population (aged 15 years and above) of Shivpuri district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. A total of 9,756 individuals were screened for TB in the baseline TB prevalence survey during 2012–13. All available household members were screened for symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB (presumptive TB). Two sputum specimens were collected from persons having symptoms suggestive of TB and examined by smear and culture tests. A cohort of all non-TB individuals in the baseline survey was followed-up for one year and re-screened for the sysmptoms of PTB in the year 2014–15. Based on the data collected, the incidence of TB over one year period was estimated per 100,000 population. Results A total of 9756 and 9044 individuals (≥ 15 years) were screened for symptoms suggestive of PTB during baseline and endline surveys respectively. The sputum specimens of presumptive TB cases were collected and examined by smear and culture tests. The overall incidence of bacteriologically positive (smear and/or culture) PTB over one year period was 1504 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1273–1776) per 100,000 in the study population, the incidence of smear-positive PTB was 1106 (95% CI: 910–1343), and the incidence of culture-positive PTB was 1084 (95% CI: 890–1319) per 100,000 population. The incidence for both smear and culture-positive PTB was 686 (95% CI: 535–878) per 100,000 population in the year 2014–15. The incidence of PTB was 2.8 times higher in males compared to females (2259 vs 807 per 100,000) and was positively correlated with age. Conclusion The findings of the study, the first of its kind in the Saharia tribal population, indicate a high incidence of TB in this tribal community thereby highlighting the urgent need for focused and intensified efforts to achieve the goal of TB elimination in the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

High incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in an indigenous Saharia tribe in Madhya Pradesh, central India—A prospective cohort study

Bhat

Yadav

Sharma

et al. 2022

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…Most of the studies have focussed on a particular disease/health condition. In the present study, 5.2 per cent of the participants aged ≥18 yr had symptoms suggestive of pulmonary TB, which is slightly higher as compared to the reports of previous studies (ranging from 2.1 to 3.6%) 21 , 22 . A study by Patwa et al 23 among the tribal population of Gujarat stated hypertension (4.5%), diabetes (1.7%) and cardiovascular diseases (1.6%) as commonly reported morbidities 23 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Health status of Koraga community: A pilot study among a particularly vulnerable tribal group of Udupi District, Karnataka, India

Mallya

Shreedhar

Sudhakaran

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Background & objectives: Undertaking tribe-specific assessment of health status provides the required data for planning appropriate interventions. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the health profile of the Koraga tribe. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a particularly vulnerable tribal group, the Koragas residing in the Udupi district. Data were collected using a pro forma and were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16.0. Results: A total of 273 participants aged ≥18 yr and 94 children aged ≤17 yr were recruited through screening and referral services organized in Koraga hamlets of the Udupi district. Among the adults, 59.7 per cent were females and their median age was 35 yr. About 13.9 per cent had elevated blood pressure and 18.4 per cent had impaired/elevated random blood sugar levels. About 47.6 per cent were underweight and 35.2 per cent were anaemic. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals with morbidities were more likely to be aged ≥45 yr [45-60 yr: adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=4.3; 95 per cent confidence interval (CI)=1.3-13.8 and >60 yr: AOR=6.4; 95 per cent CI=1.7-23.7] and overweight or obese [23-24.9 kg/m 2 : AOR=8.1; 95% CI=1.3-48.2 and >25 kg/m 2 : AOR=7.9; 95% CI=1.6-38.4]. Of the 26 Koraga children aged ≤5 yr, 30.7 and 42.3 per cent had their height for age and weight for age below the third percentile, respectively. Further, 15.3 per cent of under-five children and 27.9 per cent of 6-17 yr old children were severely wasted. About 21.2 per cent of the children aged ≤17 yr were found to be anaemic and 56.3 per cent had symptoms of respiratory tract infection in the past 15 days. Interpretation & conclusions: Malnutrition was prevalent among Koraga adults and children, which warrants designing and implementing appropriate social and health interventions in this population.

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“…Alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis in all meta-analyses 24 .A population-based case control study in South India demonstrated an increased incidence of pulmonary TB among those who smoke and drink 25 .The malnutrition assessed from the estimated values of Body Mass Index (BMI)in the studyrevealed that the chest symptomatic are more among the under nourished respondents. The findings that alcohol, smoking, and low BMI are significantly related to the higher prevalence of TB among the tribal populations in India 26 that reemphasised in our study as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Association of Substance Abuse and Tuberculosis among Tribes: Study in Three Tribal Settings of Kerala, India

Krishnan

2023

MRAJ

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Substance abuse such as alcohol consumption and smoking serve as profound indicators for Tuberculosis (TB). Tribes in rural India are the vulnerable population for various diseases and substance abuse is more prevalent among them. Very few studies have been conducted to find the substance abuse and its association with TB among tribes in Kerala. Hence, we sought to understand the prevalence of substance abuse among tribes, and its association with chest symptomatic cases and cases with history of TB. This study aimed to identify the predictors of negative social behaviours among tribes and their association with chest symptomatic cases and history of TB. It was part of a collaborative research program to estimate the burden of TB amongst tribal groups, by ICMR, NIRT, Chennai and SRM University, Kancheepuram and Population Research Centre, Kerala conducted in 2018. This article presents the prevalence of substance abuse (tobacco and alcohol) among tribes, and its association with chest symptomatic cases and cases with history of TB. The study also tried to find out the predictors of substance use among tribes. Among 2609 tribes interviewed, 14.6% were smokers, 47 percent were used smokeless tobacco and 29% were consumed alcohol and only 20 respondents reported using drugs. Significant association of chest symptoms and TB history status with district, category of tribe, age, education, marital status, and nutrition are observed in the study. Chest symptomatic cases and those who had the history of TB had a highly significant association with use of smokeless tobacco and smoking. However, the study could not find a significant difference between those consuming alcohols. The predictors of substance abuse were found to be in higher age groups, low education, being in the low socio-economic profile and in the low BMI. To attain health goals like zero TB, control of substance use is an essential component especially among tribal communities. This study highlights the importance of education and better living conditions in reducing negative health behaviours among tribes.

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Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the tribal populations in India

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

High incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in an indigenous Saharia tribe in Madhya Pradesh, central India—A prospective cohort study

High incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in an indigenous Saharia tribe in Madhya Pradesh, central India—A prospective cohort study

Health status of Koraga community: A pilot study among a particularly vulnerable tribal group of Udupi District, Karnataka, India

Association of Substance Abuse and Tuberculosis among Tribes: Study in Three Tribal Settings of Kerala, India

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