Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq

Abstract

Background: pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the most global dangerous infectious diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the most infectious agent that caused PTB transferred by air droplets from one person to other. In the present epidemiological study, we aimed to record the total numbers and percentages of patients infected with PTB caused by Mtb during 12 months in AL-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Methods: This study has been done in 2019 from January to the end of December in the north and south region of AL-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Sputum of PTB-patients has been stained by Ziehl–Neelsen to Mtb diagnosis according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. Results: We recorded 174 PTB-patients in AL-Najaf Governorate 2019; 89 male and 85 female; 101 and 73 in the north and south sections respectively. The age group 16-24 was the highest infected. Quarter two recorded the highest numbers of PTB-patients; 33 (60%) in the north section and 22 (40%) in the south section. Conclusion: There was low PTB incidence in AL-Najaf Governorate 2019 but the Youngers were the most susceptible to infection. Infection in the north section was higher than in the south section and there were no high differences between genders. Seasons have no high effect on the number of infections.

The predictive diagnosis for ANGPTL8 level in women with T2DM

“…ANGPTL8 may be a novel identified member of the angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family and is additionally referred to as CD26, and C19 or f80 [5,6]. it's induced upon feeding in liver and fat both brown (BAT), and white fat (WAT) whereas fasting suppresses its expression [4], [5,7,8]. They have been identified as the key players involved in the metabolic conversion of fasting to reseeding [4,7,8].…”

“…it's induced upon feeding in liver and fat both brown (BAT), and white fat (WAT) whereas fasting suppresses its expression [4], [5,7,8]. They have been identified as the key players involved in the metabolic conversion of fasting to reseeding [4,7,8]. It has been shown to play an important role in triglyceride metabolism by regulating postprandial lipid traffic through inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity [5,9].…”

“…Furthermore, in patients, several studies have found a link between blood glucose, (HOMA-IR), and ANGPTL8 [12], [17]. T2DM that is usually characterized by hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia [7], [15]. it's gave to affect 642 million human by 2040 consistent to the International Diabetes Federation [18].…”

“…Thus, ANGPTL8 has a significant role in adipose tissue lipid metabolism and lipid breakdown consistent with dietary levels. ANGPTL8 is essential in certain lipid metabolic pathways including lipogenesis and autophagy [7]. ANGPTL8's role in glucose metabolism was studied in several studies [5], [20], [21].…”

Can aquatic plant (Eichhornia crassipes) be used as a partial substitute for carp fish feed?

“…The probability level of 5% (P < 0.05) was selected to show the statistical difference. Statistical analysis was carried out to rank the five groups using the SPSS 26.0(IBM, Chicago, IL, USA)(Al-Hadraawy et al, 2022;Medhat and Aljanabay, 2022;Aljanaby et al, 2022).…”