Prevalence of Races and Biotypes of Ralstonia Solanacearum in India

Abstract

Prevalence of Races and Biotypes ofRalstonia Solanacearumin IndiaBacterial wilt caused byRalstonia solanacearumis the most destructive disease of plants. Fifty-seven isolates ofR. solanacearumcausing wilt on different host plantsviz., tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), brinjal (S. melongena), potato (S. tuberosum), bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae), ginger (Zingiber officinale), chili (Capsicum annuum), capsicum (Capsicum annuum), davana (Artemisia pallens) and coleus (Coleus forskohlii) were collected from the different agro climatic zones of Karnataka and other parts of India. In this study, 57 isolates were differentiated into race on the basis of their pathogenicity and their ability to infect different host. The isolates were established as race-1. None of the isolates infected mulberry and banana. Fifty-four isolates oxidized and utilized both the disaccharides and sugar alcohols. These isolates were positioned as biovars-3 according to Haywards classification system. Three isolates from Kerala, two ginger, and one tomato strain were not able to utilize dulcitol and lactose. Hence, they were categorized into a new taxo group within the system and designated as biovar-3B for the first time in India. There were 54 isolates which were confirmed as race-1, biovar-3, and 3 isolates were confirmed as race-1, biovar-3B by morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity studies. Two sets of primers (OLI1 & Y2 and Y1 & Y2) were used in this study to authenticate the organism. Furthermore, the identity of the isolates was confirmed by a serological diagnostic kit obtained from the International Potato Research Center, Lima, Peru, and single chain variable fragment antibody specific toR. solanacearum.

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“…As per report Ralostonia solanacerous infecting brinjal in Bihar, Goa, Maharastra, Kerala, Karnataka, Andman is Phylotype I but the disease was also reported from Orissa, Himachal Pradesh and Jharkhand (Chandrashekara et al, 2012; Dinesh et al, 2010) but phylotype of the disease is unknown in this area. In this study, the disease infected samples collected from Bhubaneswar district of Orissa in India and confirmed the samples were infected with bacterium by TZC media reaction and the bacterium was Ralostonia solanacerous by 280 bp amplification with universal primers 759/760.…”

Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of Ralstonia solanacerum isolates collected from Southern Karnataka

“…The two isolates ,UASBR2 and UASBR3 were grouped in to biovar IIIB as they utilized two disaccharides and two alcoholic sugars and they could not utilize one alcoholic sugar and one disaccharide i.e. dulcitol and lactose, respectively (Prasanna Kumar, 2004;Chandrashekara et al, 2012). Different biovars could have lost their ability to utilize dulcitol or dulcitol and lactose or they might be non-essential for the growth and development.…”

Effect of Field Treatment with Selected Soil Amendments on Bacterial Wilt Incidences in Tomatoes, Capsicum and Potatoes

“…The host pathogen interaction is greatly influenced by the environment [12]. R. solanacearum strains have varying abilities to survive in different climatic zones [13]. Most plant pathogens of a given species are active within a limited range of temperature.…”