Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Risk Factors in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Rani, Padmaja Kumari; Raman, Rajiv; Rachapalli, Sudhir R.; Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran; Kumaramanickavel, Govindasamy; Sharma, Tarun

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.10.025

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The following definitions were used: emmetropia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE): À0.50 to þ0.50 diopter sphere (DS), myopia as SE < À0.50 DS, hyperopia as SE > þ0.50 DS, and astigmatism as cylindrical error < À0.50 diopter cylinder at any axis. In our previous cross-sectional study 16 that reported the prevalence of refractive errors and risk factors at baseline in people with diabetes, we found that hyperopia was more prevalent among women with diabetes. Therefore, for the current longitudinal study, we included refractive error (myopia, hyperopia) in comparison with emmetropia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The blood pressure (BP) was recorded on the right arm with the patient in the sitting position; two readings were taken 5 minutes apart and the mean of the two was considered the BP. Socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed with a multiple-index questionnaire, and the scoring was characterized as low (score, 0-14), middle (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), and high (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). Biochemical analysis was done on the Merck (Rockville, MD, USA) Micro Lab 120 semi-automated analyzer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Incidence, Progression, and Risk Factors for Cataract in Type 2 Diabetes

Srinivasan¹,

Raman²,

Swaminathan³

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE.We report the 4-year incidence, progression, and risk factors of cataract subtypes in type 2 diabetes. METHODS.A total of 779 subjects completed baseline and 4-year follow-up.RESULTS. The incidences of nuclear opalescence (NO), nuclear color (NC), cortical cataract (CC), and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) were 70%, 55.2%, 25.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. One-step progressions of NO, NC, CC, and PSC were 14.3%, 16.1%, 8.8%, and 8.1%, respectively, and two-step or more progressions were 5.0%, 6.0%, 0.8%, and 6.0%, respectively. Incident NO was seen in patients 50 to 59 (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 3.3), NC in those 50 to 59 (OR ¼ 2.7) and 60 to 69 (OR ¼ 3.9), and CC in those 60 to 69 (OR ¼ 3.3) years old. A lower hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ; OR ¼ 0.7), longer diabetes duration (OR ¼ 1.1), and hyperopia (OR ¼ 4.0) were associated with incident PSC. Women (OR ¼ 1.7) and patients with higher total cholesterol (OR ¼ 1.3) at baseline showed one-step NO progression. Patients 60 to 69 (OR ¼ 2.8) and ‡70 (OR ¼ 3.8) years old showed one-step NC progression, while those 60 to 69 years old showed one-step CC progression (OR ¼ 6.3). A lower HbA 1c (OR ¼ 0.3) was associated with one-step PSC progression. A higher low-density lipoprotein (OR ¼ 1.6) was associated with two-step or more NO progression. Patients 60 to 69 years old (OR ¼ 6.7) had a greater risk, while those with hyperopia at baseline (OR ¼ 0.2) had lower risk of two-step or more NC progression. Patients 40 to 49 years old constituted the reference group for all.CONCLUSIONS. The 4-year cumulative incidence of cataract is higher than that of progression. Greater age is a risk factor for incidence and progression of most types of cataract.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Progression, and Risk Factors for Cataract in Type 2 Diabetes

Srinivasan¹,

Raman²,

Swaminathan³

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the BDES found that people with diabetes even underwent a hyperopic shift over time [60]. In a cross-sectional study of subjects with Type 2 diabetes in an urban Indian population aged ≥40 years, poor glycemic control was associated with myopia [102]. In a Danish population, increasing HbA1c was associated with an increased odds of myopia, and risk of myopic shift was increased with HbA1c ≥8.8 compared with HbA1c <8.8, suggesting that myopia may be associated with chronic hyperglycemia [103].…”

Section: Diabetes and Glycemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the epidemiology and genetics of myopic refractive error

Sherwin

Mackey

2013

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[5] The prevalence of myopia (SE <- 0.50 DS), high myopia (SE <- 5.00 DS), hyperopia (SE >+ 0.50 DS), and astigmatism (SE <- 0.50 cyl) were 19.4, 1.6, 39.7, and 47.4%, respectively. [5] We also found that poor glycemic control was associated with myopia (OR [95% CI] 4.15 [1.44-11.92]). [5]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus: A population-based study

Ganesan¹,

Raman²,

Reddy³

et al. 2012

Oman J Ophthalmol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:To report the prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus and compare the diabetic retinopathy status in the myopic group vs the emmetropic group.Design:Population-based study.Materials and Methods:The population-based study estimated the prevalence of myopia from 1058 subjects, who were more than 40 years old and had type II diabetes mellitus; the patients were enrolled from a cross-sectional study. Participants answered a detailed questionnaire and underwent biochemical, physical and comprehensive ocular examination which included grading of nuclear sclerosis by lens opacities classification system III (LOCS III), seven field fundus photography and ultrasonography. Diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy were graded using the Klein's classification and early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) criteria respectively.Results:The prevalence of mild, moderate and high myopia in type 2 diabetes was 15.9, 2.1 and 1.9% respectively. The prevalence of any myopia was found to be 19.9% in our study population. After adjusting the age, gender, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c and other factors, increasing age was associated with mild and moderate myopia [OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.05 – 1.18)]. Compared to emmetropia, complete posterior vitreous detachment (CPVD) was associated with high myopia (50% Vs 12.2%, P < 0.0001). Myopia had no association with diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was found to be 19.9 and 1.9% respectively among subjects with type II diabetes. Myopia was not associated with diabetic retinopathy, thereby, suggesting the need for a longitudinal study.

show abstract

Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Associated Risk Factors in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Incidence, Progression, and Risk Factors for Cataract in Type 2 Diabetes

Incidence, Progression, and Risk Factors for Cataract in Type 2 Diabetes

Update on the epidemiology and genetics of myopic refractive error

Prevalence of myopia and its association with diabetic retinopathy in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus: A population-based study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About