Prevalence of renal uric acid stones in the adult

Trinchieri, Alberto; Montanari, Emanuele

doi:10.1007/s00240-017-0962-5

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Renal calculi are composed of different substances, and uric acid is present in 7 to 14% of all calculi [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Uric acid stones mainly affect males, have a high rate of recurrence, and are associated with other pathologies, such as diabetes and obesity [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. In general, 50 to 70% of patients with renal lithiasis who do not receive treatment or do not modify their diets will develop new renal calculi within five years [ 10 , 11 ], while very variable recurrence rates (5 to 100% per year) have been observed for patients with calcium kidney stones who modify their diet or follow a pharmacological treatment [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Consumption of Cocoa-Derived Products on Uric Acid Crystallization in Urine of Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2018

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of consumption of different cocoa-derived products on uric acid crystallization in urine of 20 healthy volunteers. Participants were requested to select the specific diet that they wished to follow during the 12 h prior to collection of urine. The only restriction was that the diet could not include any product with cocoa, coffee, or caffeine. On the first day, each volunteer followed their selected diet, and an overnight 12 h urine sample was collected as the baseline urine. After seven days on an unrestricted diet, each volunteer repeated the same diet with 20 g of milk chocolate, chocolate powder, or dark chocolate during breakfast and another 20 g during dinner. Overnight 12 h urine samples were then collected. Urine volume, pH, oxalate, creatinine, uric acid, theobromine, and a uric acid crystallization test were determined for each sample. The results for all 20 patients show that uric acid crystallization was significantly lower following the consumption of chocolate powder or dark chocolate relative to baseline or following the consumption of milk chocolate. The results indicated that increased concentrations of urinary theobromine reduced the risk of uric acid crystallization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Consumption of Cocoa-Derived Products on Uric Acid Crystallization in Urine of Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2018

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“…The etiology of ureteral calculi remains unknown and is related to geographical locations, climatic environments, dietary habits, occupations, and basic diseases (7). Ureteral calculi account for 65% of urinary calculi and the incidence has been rising recently (8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureteral Calculi Associated with High-Altitude Polycythemia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Yang¹,

Wuren²,

Ma³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) is a common disease in high-altitude areas characterized by excessive erythrocyte proliferation and severe hypoxemia. Recently, the incidence of ureteral calculi has a rising trend. However, cases of ureteral calculi associated with high-altitude polycythemia have not been reported. Case Presentation: We present the cases of two patients with HAPC who were born in the lowlands and worked in high altitudes and were admitted to the hospital with acute severe pain in the ureter as the first symptom. Urological examinations confirmed the presence of a ureteral stone. Interestingly, the biochemical tests showed elevated serum uric acid levels and the calculous component analysis suggested anhydrous uric acid. Recently, extensive research has demonstrated a significant correlation between hyperuricemia and high-altitude polycythemia. Therefore, we speculated that the occurrence of ureteral calculi among immigrants to the plateau might be related to hyperuricemia associated with high-altitude polycythemia. Conclusions: This case report and literature review highlights that the prevention of ureteral calculi in patients with polycythemia who immigrate to the plateaus from high-altitude areas should be considered. Additionally, the serum uric acid levels and urine pH should be monitored regularly.

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“…Still, oral chemolysis was also effective in stones > 4 cm. Uric acid stones rank as the second largest group of stones accounting for almost 10% of all urinary stones [4]. Up to 40% of all stones contain uric acid [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment can be conservative, non-invasive (shock wave lithotripsy [SWL]), minimally invasive (drainage with double J-stent or nephrostomy tube, endourological techniques) or, rarely, invasive (open or robotic). Most stones are composed of calcium oxalate, but about 10% consist of uric acid leading to an estimated prevalence rate of uric acid stones of up to > 0.75% [4]. The presence of uric acid in stones is associated with low density upon non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT), radiolucency on conventional radiology, and low urine pH [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral chemolysis is an effective, non-invasive therapy for urinary stones suspected of uric acid content

et al. 2020

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Despite the possible benefit from avoiding stone surgery with all its possible complications, oral chemolysis is rarely performed in patients with urinary stones suspected of uric acid content. Among the reasons for its limited use is the sparse and low-quality data on its efficacy and the lack of reliable factors predicting its outcome. We thus performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of 216 patients (median patient age 63 years) with 272 renal (48%) and/or ureteral (52%) stones treated with oral chemolysis from 01/2010 to 12/2019. Patients with low urine pH (< 6), low stone density upon non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT), radiolucent urinary stones on plain radiography, and/or a history of uric acid urolithiasis were included. Potassium citrate and/or sodium/magnesium bicarbonate were used for alkalization (target urine pH 6.5-7.2). Median stone size was 9 mm, median stone density 430 Hounsfield Units. Patients with ureteral stones < 6 mm were excluded since stones this small are very likely to pass spontaneously. The stone-free status of each patient was evaluated after 3 months using NCCT. Oral chemolysis was effective with a complete and partial response rate of stones at 3 months of 61% and 14%, respectively; 25% of stones could not be dissolved. Lower stone density (OR = 0.997 [CI 0.994-0.999]; p = 0.008) and smaller stone size (OR = 0.959 [CI 0.924-0.995]; p = 0.025) significantly increased the success rate of oral chemolysis in multivariate logistic regression analysis. More precise stone diagnostics to exclude non-uric-acid stones could further improve outcome.

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Prevalence of renal uric acid stones in the adult

Cited by 49 publications

References 56 publications

Effect of Consumption of Cocoa-Derived Products on Uric Acid Crystallization in Urine of Healthy Volunteers

Effect of Consumption of Cocoa-Derived Products on Uric Acid Crystallization in Urine of Healthy Volunteers

Ureteral Calculi Associated with High-Altitude Polycythemia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Oral chemolysis is an effective, non-invasive therapy for urinary stones suspected of uric acid content

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