Prevalence of resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Greece

Paraskevis, Dimitrios; Magiorkinis, Emmanouil; Katsoulidou, Antigoni; Hatzitheodorou, Eleni; Antoniadou, Anastasia; Παπαδόπουλος, Αλέξανδρος; Poulakou, Garyphalia; Paparizos, Vasileios; Botsi, Chryssoula; Stavrianeas, N.; Lelekis, M.; Chini, Maria; Gargalianos, Panagiotis; Magafas, NM; Lazanas, Marios; Chryssos, Georgios; Πετρίκκος, Γεώργιος; Πάνος, Γεώργιος; Kordossis, Theodoros; Theodoridou, Maria; Sypsa, Vana; Hatzakis, Angelos

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.004

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Subtype B was the most frequent (74.6%), followed by CRF02_AG (15.5%) and CFR02_AE (4.2%). The analysis of the distribution of observed mutations between subtype B and non-B subtypes showed that the minor mutations L63P, I64V, I62V and V77I were more prevalent in subtype B, whereas I13V, K20I, M36I and H69K mutations were found at a higher frequency in non-B subtypes as described by previous reports [20,41,46,47]. Major resistance mutations (M46L and V82L) were only observed in subtype B.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naïve (HIV1)-infected individuals in Casablanca, Morocco

Bakhouch

Oulad-Lahcen²,

Bensghir³

et al. 2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: The widespread use of antiretroviral agents and the growing occurrence of HIV-1 strains resistant to these drugs have given rise to serious concerns regarding the transmission of resistant viruses to newly infected persons, which may reduce the efficacy of a first-line antiretroviral therapy. Methodology: RNA was extracted from plasma samples of 98 treatment-naïve individuals with a plasma HIV RNA viral load of at least 1,000 copies/ml. Both protease (pr) and reverse transcriptase (rt) were amplified and sequenced using an automated sequencer. National Agency for AIDS Research (ANRS) and Stanford HIV database algorithms were used for interpretation of resistance data. Results: In the protease segment, various minor mutations were present in the majority of the sequenced samples with high frequencies. Only two major mutations, M46L and V82L, were separately found in three individuals of 71 (4.2%) with one carrying both mutations. In the reverse transcriptase gene, no NNRTIs-associated resistance mutations were detected. Only one patient of 70 (1.4%) carried the F77L mutation that is associated with NRTIs resistance. Genetic subtyping revealed that 74.6% of samples were infected with subtype B, 15.5% with CRF02_AG, 4.2% with CRF01_AE, 1.4% with C, 2.8% with G and 1.4% with subtype F2. Conclusions: The low prevalence of major mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) among drug-naïve individuals studied suggests that the routine of drug resistance testing may be unnecessary for all Moroccan individuals newly diagnosed or all patients beginning antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, continuous surveillance is required since greater access to antiretroviral drugs is expected in Morocco.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

The prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naïve (HIV1)-infected individuals in Casablanca, Morocco

Bakhouch

Oulad-Lahcen²,

Bensghir³

et al. 2009

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…The samples were collected anonymously from treated individuals who had experienced treatment failure (HIV RNA level 1 copies/mL) as well as from treatment-naive patients. 3 1 ϫ 10 Specifically, 101 treatment-naive individuals were studied for the prevalence of resistance-associated mutations, as reported elsewhere [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-B infections in Europe are mainly associated with immigrants or heterosexual persons epidemiologically linked with sub-Saharan Africa [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. In a previous study, non-B subtypes were more frequently detected among immigrants or heterosexual persons in Greece [23], whereas non-B subtypes have been increasingly identified among individuals with newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection during the past few years [24].…”

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confidence: 99%

Increasing Prevalence of HIV‐1 Subtype A in Greece: Estimating Epidemic History and Origin

Paraskevis¹,

Magiorkinis²,

Magiorkinis³

et al. 2007

J INFECT DIS

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“…Paraskevis et al [3] reported that the overall prevalence of HIV-1 primary resistance in newly diagnosed individuals was 9%, but when only recent seroconverters were considered, the rate increased to 22%. These findings suggest that patients with PHI/seroconversion are a more sensitive study population for the detection of HIV-1 primary resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary drug resistance and transmission analysis of HIV‐1 in acute and recent drug‐naïve seroconverters in Singapore

Cc¹,

Sun²,

Barkham

et al. 2009

HIV Medicine

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ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to elucidate primary drug resistance and transmission of HIV-1 in acute and recent drug-naïve seroconverters in Singapore. MethodsAcute and recent HIV-1 seroconverters were enrolled in the study. The HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene was sequenced and used for genotypic drug resistance analysis and phylogenetic analysis. HIV-1 transmission clusters were inferred from phylogenetic clustering analysis. ResultsOf the 60 subjects analysed, 95% were men, and 73.3% were men who have sex with men (MSM). Six HIV-1 subtypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (46.7%), subtypes B (30%), B 0 (15%) and G (1.7%), CRF33_01B (1.7%) and CRF34_01B (5%). Primary genotypic resistance was detected in only one (1.7%) subtype B variant. Thirty-one patients (51.7%) were phylogenetically clustered, of whom 90% reported having local risk exposure, compared with 59% of the patients who were not phylogenetically clustered [odds ratio (OR) 6.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1. 65-23.95]. MSM (OR 5.63,, high viral load (OR 4.28, 95% CI 1.37-13.36) and young age (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99) were independently associated with clustered individuals. ConclusionsIn Singapore, HIV-1 primary resistance is insignificant; individuals with seroconversion account for about half of onward transmission among recently infected seroconverters. MSM, high viral load and young age are factors that facilitate transmission. Early detection of these individuals is of paramount importance for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.Keywords: HIV-1, molecular epidemiology, phylogenetics, primary resistance, seroconverter Accepted 20 January 2009 Introduction Primary or transmitted drug resistance in HIV-1 has been a significant clinical and public health concern with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) world-wide, particularly in the developed world [1]. A number of recent studies conducted in the USA and Western European countries have shown that the prevalence rates of HIV-1 primary resistance range from approximately 8 to 16% in recently infected, drug-naïve individuals [2][3][4][5][6]. Although HIV-1 primary resistance is less prevalent in Asian countries, a recent report from Thailand has demonstrated a comparable prevalence rate (12.4%) to those reported in developed countries, presumably reflecting increased access to ART in Thailand [7].In Singapore, antiretrovirals have been available since the early 1990s and ART has been readily accessible from the year 2000 [8]. However, a previous study conducted in our centre showed that none of the 35 variants of CRF01_AE (which is the predominant subtype in both Thailand and Singapore) obtained from newly diagnosed, drug-naïve patients was drug-resistant [9]. As certain drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 can persist in transmitted viruses for only about 2 years [10,11] and the durations of HIV-1 infection for the subjects in the previous Singapore study [9] are unknown, it was necessary to further validate this finding and to obtain a more recent picture of primary resis...

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Prevalence of resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Greece

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

The prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naïve (HIV1)-infected individuals in Casablanca, Morocco

The prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naïve (HIV1)-infected individuals in Casablanca, Morocco

Increasing Prevalence of HIV‐1 Subtype A in Greece: Estimating Epidemic History and Origin

Primary drug resistance and transmission analysis of HIV‐1 in acute and recent drug‐naïve seroconverters in Singapore

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