Prevalence of Retinitis Pigmentosa in South Indian Population Aged Above 40 Years

Sen, Parveen; Bhargava, Arun; George, Ronnie; Ramesh, Shruthy Vaishali; Arvind, Hemamalini; Raju, Prema; Kumaramanickavel, Govindasamy; Vijaya, Lingam

doi:10.1080/09286580802105814

Cited by 60 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The incidence of retinitis pigmentosa is reported to be 0.25:1,000 individuals. One can calculate a relative prevalance for antimalarial retinal toxicity at about 0.025:100,000 3–5. Based on the variable incidence and prevalence data for the collagen vascular disorders in the literature, it is difficult to calculate the exact risk to patients with rheumatoid arthritis and SLE treated with antimalarials, but from our data it appears that less than 1% of the patients treated with antimalarials are at risk to develop retinal toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Retinal toxicity to antimalarial drugs: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a neurophysiologic study

Farrell¹

2012

OPTH

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Over a 30-year period, 29 cases of antimalarial retinal toxicity were studied in a tertiary medical center. Three cases of chloroquine and 26 cases of hydroxychloroquine toxicity were studied. A number of these cases were studied before multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) became available and show how insensitive the corneal full-field flash ERG is in diagnosing this condition. It became apparent that even mfERG failed to diagnose some early patients who either had an abnormal fundus examination or Humphrey’s automated perimetry (protocol 10-2). The age of the patient and the number of years of exposure to antimalarial drugs appears to be directly related to the development of this retinal disorder. All three of the “quantitative retinal tests” recommended in the “Guidelines” – mfERG, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and autofluorescence – fail to identify all of the cases of antimalarial retinal toxicity. mfERG is probably the most sensitive of the three tests, but no direct comparison has yet been accomplished. None of these “quantitative tests” appear to provide the “gold standard” necessary for detecting early hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Retinal toxicity to antimalarial drugs: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a neurophysiologic study

Farrell¹

2012

OPTH

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“…In these studies, higher prevalence (1/930-1/1,000) (17, 18) of RP and less proportion of autosomal dominant RP (11-15.4%) (15, 16) were noticed compared to the western populations. In Korea, however, there have been a very few reports regarding only clinical features, which were investigated with a small number of RP patients (19-21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In Asian populations, a few studies of RP from China, Japan and India have presented the prevalence, the clinical features and the inheritance patterns (15-18). In these studies, higher prevalence (1/930-1/1,000) (17, 18) of RP and less proportion of autosomal dominant RP (11-15.4%) (15, 16) were noticed compared to the western populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hereditary and Clinical Features of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Koreans

Lee

Seo

et al. 2010

J Korean Med Sci

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There has been no report about hereditary and clinical features of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Koreans. To evaluate these, data were collected from 365 RP patients including age, gender, visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent (SE) of refractive errors, funduscopic findings, color vision test, visual field score (VFS) obtained from Goldmann perimetry, and the inheritance patterns from pedigrees. Simplex RP was the most common inheritance pattern (61.9%); followed by autosomal recessive RP (17.3%), autosomal dominant RP (12.1%) and X-linked recessive RP (8.8%). Myopia was the most common refractive errors (77.5%) including 16.1% of high myopia. The most common cataract type was posterior subcapsular cataract (25.8%). Observed retinal findings included changes of retinal pigment epithelium (88.8%), bony spicule-like pigmentation (79.7%), attenuation of retinal vessel (76.2%), waxy disc pallor (12.6%), golden ring around optic disc (2.2%), epiretinal membrane (0.8%) and cystoid macular edema (0.5%). Corrected VA and refractive errors did not show any significant difference between the inheritance patterns. VFS was significantly worse in autosomal recessive RP than in autosomal dominant RP. Color vision defect was noted in 66.1% on Hardy-Rand-Rittlers color vision test. In conclusion, Korean RP patients have the indigenous hereditary and clinical features as well as the ordinary ones.

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“…On the basis of visual field criteria and ophthalmoscopic fundus appearance, the prevalence of RP in adult population (aged 30 yr) of rural Central India was estimated at 1:750 (Nangia et al 2012). High prevalence of 1:930 and 1:372 was reported in the urban and rural South Indian population aged above 40 yr (Sen et al 2008). The Beijing Eye Study reported RP in about one in 1000 elderly Chinese (aged 40 yr) in North China (Jonas et al 2009), whereas the Beijing Eye Public Health Care Project, a population-based study designed to screen all inhabitants aged of 55 to 85 yr and living in the rural regions of the Beijing municipality, reported prevalence of RP of about 1:4000 (You et al 2013).…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of Rpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Characteristics and Current Therapies for Inherited Retinal Degenerations

Sahel

Marazova

Audo

2014

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

188

155

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Prevalence of Retinitis Pigmentosa in South Indian Population Aged Above 40 Years

Abstract: Prevalence of RP in South India appears to be alarmingly higher in comparison to those seen in other parts of the world.

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Retinal toxicity to antimalarial drugs: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a neurophysiologic study

Retinal toxicity to antimalarial drugs: chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a neurophysiologic study

Hereditary and Clinical Features of Retinitis Pigmentosa in Koreans

Clinical Characteristics and Current Therapies for Inherited Retinal Degenerations

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