Prevalence of Rickettsial infections in a tertiary care centre

Akshatha, P; Vijayalakshmi, J.

doi:10.18231/j.ijmr.2020.002

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Most of these studies discussed the low sensitivity of the test is based on cases of scrub typhus rather than cases of spotted fever or typhus fever. [ 7 , 8 , 22 , 28 ]. Among the non-scrub typhus rickettsial infections, R. conorii was the most prevalent rickettsia pathogen, followed by R. typhi .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

et al. 2023

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Rickettsial diseases (RD) are widely reported all over the world. Scrub typhus (ST) is a major tropical infection which is well documented all over India. Therefore, the index of suspicion of scrub typhus is high among physicians with regard to patients presenting with acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) in India. Rickettsial diseases other than ST (non-ST RDs), which include spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are not uncommon in India, but the index of suspicion is not as high as ST unless there is a history of the presence of fever with rashes and/or recent arthropod bites. This review aims to look into the Indian scenario on the epidemiology of non-ST RDs, especially the SFG and TG rickettsioses based on various investigations, spectrum of clinical presentation, challenges and gaps in knowledge to suspect and diagnose these infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

et al. 2023

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Diagnosis of Rickettsial infection by Multiplex Real-time PCR in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Chennai, South India

Murali,

Kalpana,

Shanmugam

et al. 2024

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Rickettsioses caused by Rickettsia and Orientia spp. are the re-emerging diseases in India, which are grossly underdiagnosed, particularly among children. They usually present as mild-febrile illness but may extend to severe life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis followed by proper treatment reduces the morbidity and mortality. Non-specific clinical symptoms and lack of point of care diagnosis may delay the treatment. Molecular assays like PCR may helpful in the early diagnosis and confirmation of rickettsial diseases. In this study, we used multiplex real-time PCR to detect Rickettsia spp. and Orientia spp. in febrile pediatric patients. Whole blood was collected from 239 clinically suspected febrile pediatric patients aged between 6 months to 12 years admitted in tertiary care hospital at Chennai, South India. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to target the gltA gene for Rickettsia spp. and the 47kDa gene for Orientia tsutsugamushi. To compare the sensitivity, nested PCR was performed on the 56kDa antigen gene of O. tsutsugamushi and the Rickettsia genus specific gltA gene. By multiplex real-time PCR, 15 samples were positive for O. tsutsugamushi and 3 were positive for Rickettsia spp. Nested PCR identified 35 positive samples for O. tsutsugamushi and 4 positive samples for Rickettsia spp. Even though multiplex real-time PCR had lower positivity than nPCR, it was effective in diagnosing O. tsutsugamushi and Rickettsia spp. in a single assay.

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Canine leishmaniasis in Maghreb countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Baaziz,

Sadeddine,

Zeroual

et al. 2024

Journal of Vector Borne Diseases

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Rickettsial infections are emerging and/or re-emerging disease that poses a serious global threat to humans and animals. Transmission to humans and animals is through the bite of the ectoparasites-ticks, fleas and chigger mites. Most of the Rickettsial diseases are endemic in India, but underdiagnosed. This review is aimed at analysing the prevalence of rickettsiosis in India and the advancement of rickettsial diagnosis. We have conducted a systematic review on the prevalence of rickettsial disease in India ranging from 1.3% to 46.6% for spotted fever, 2.4% to 77.8% for scrub typhus and 1% to 46.4% for Q fever, based on the literature published with the evidence of isolation, serological, and molecular diagnostics. The following search engines like Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCO were used to retrieve the articles from electronic databases by using appropriate keywords to track the emergence of these rickettsial diseases in India for the period of 1865 to till date. We retrieved 153 published rickettsial articles on hospital-based studies from India, that were purely made on the basis of prevalence and the laboratory parameters viz., Weil-Felix test (WF) and Rapid Immunochromatographic tests (RICT) with reference to the gold standard IFA and ELISA. More epidemiological studies are required for Epidemic typhus to know the exact prevalence status of this louse-borne rickettsiosis in India. Currently, there is no confirmed specific inflammatory marker for rickettsial diseases. Moreover, serological cross-reactivity is an important aspect, and it should be investigated in endemic areas, there is also a need to include molecular diagnostic techniques for further confirmation in healthcare settings.

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Prevalence of Rickettsial infections in a tertiary care centre

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

A Review of Rickettsial Diseases Other Than Scrub Typhus in India

Diagnosis of Rickettsial infection by Multiplex Real-time PCR in Febrile Pediatric Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Chennai, South India

Canine leishmaniasis in Maghreb countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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