Prevalence of risk factors to coronary heart disease in an Arab-American population in Southeast Michigan

Abstract

Although significant advances have been made in the area of cardiovascular disease, few studies have targeted ethnic groups. There is a large and growing Arab-American (AA) population living in Southeast Michigan, whose risk of cardiovascular disease may be on the increase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and associated behavioral factors in an AA community with a large population of emigrants, subjected to significant lifestyle changes. Three hundred and fifty-two AA living in Southeast Michigan, mostly from the Middle East, were screened to determine their eating and smoking habits, body mass index (BMI) body fat analysis, blood pressure, and complete lipid profiling. Overweight was defined as a BMI greater than or equal to the 85th percentile value for age- and sex-specific reference data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Correlation analysis was used to examine factors associated with being overweight, with adjustment for age and sex. Blood cholesterol concentrations were compared with published data for Arabs from the Middle Eastern countries. The overall prevalence of being overweight in subjects aged 35 and older was significantly higher than NHANES III reference data (Men, 27.7% (95% confidence interval, 21.8-34.5); women, 33.7% (95% confidence interval, 27.9-40.1)). A mean cholesterol concentration of 210 +/- 4 mg/dl was observed in those over the age of 40. The mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels for men and women were 38 and 48 mg/dl, respectively. Greater than 54.6% of all subjects had a total cholesterol:HDL ratio > 4.5. Although being overweight and obesity were prevalent in this population, the mean BMI for men was 25.7 +/- 0.34, compared with 27 +/- 0.58 for women. Increased BMI was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with increased blood pressure, increased glucose levels, increased total cholesterol and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels (P < 0.01). Elevation in risk factors to cardiovascular disease is prevalent in this population and indicates a need for programs targeting primary prevention of obesity in men and women. These results, which could be attributed in part to lifestyle changes typical of most emigrant populations, suggest an increase in the risk for developing cardiovascular disease. In addition, this study provides a basis for future intervention to improve the health of this population.

Cardiovascular Health among Adults in Syria: A Model from Developing Countries

“…To grasp the magnitude of this problem, suffice it to compare our findings (46.3% obesity among women) with estimates from other Mediterranean countries, which share many climatic and nutritional patterns with Syria such as Spain (15.2%), Greece (15%), and Turkey (29.4%) (44)(45)(46). On the other hand, obesity among women of Arab origin in the US is lower than that reported in Aran countries (47), indicating the importance of the local environments. Obesity among women in Syria is likely rooted in the social norms and gender roles of traditional Arab societies, whereby women are mainly looked at as child bearer-rearers.…”

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Arab Americans

“…7 The potential role of acculturation (ie, physical inactivity, obesity, stress, consumption of high-fat diets, and smoking) on increasing risks for cardiovascular disease (ie, HTN, coronary artery disease) among Arab Americans living in the United States suggests that HTN may be underreported in this population. 7,8,12–14 …”

Analysis of the Correlation between Non-high Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Chinese

“…Over the past decades, numerous population-based and intervention studies have identified non-HDL-C as a key risk factor for CHD (9)(10)(11). However, few studies have reported on the correlation between non-HDL-C and CHD in the aged, especially in southwest China.…”