Prevalence of Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norovirus, and Astrovirus Infections and Coinfections among Hospitalized Children in Northern France

Abstract

stool specimens were prospectively collected from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis signs or from neonates and premature cases who were born in two French hospital settings in the north of France. They were tested by rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) analyses for rotavirus and adenovirus and by two commercially available ELISA tests for the detection of norovirus and astrovirus. The overall rates of prevalence for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus were 21, 13, 5, and 1.8%, respectively, and they did not significantly differ between the two hospital settings (P ‫؍‬ 0.12). Mixed virus infections were detected in 32 (3.3%) of the 973 study children and were associated with norovirus in 21 (66%) infants, including 5 premature cases. From fall to spring, norovirus infections accounted for 52% of documented gastroenteritidis viral infections at a time when rotavirus was epidemic, resulting in mixed norovirus and rotavirus gastrointestinal tract infections. Of the 367 documented viral gastroenteritis cases, 15 (4.1%) were identified as nosocomial infections, 5 of which occurred in premature cases. These findings highlight the need to implement norovirus and astrovirus ELISA detection assays in association with rapid EIA rotavirus and adenovirus detection assays for the clinical diagnosis and the nosocomial prevention of gastroenteritis viral infections in pediatric departments.

Prevalence and Clinical Manifestations of Rotavirus and Adenovirus Infections in Children Under Five Years Old in Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria.

“…This result is comparable with the results of Nimzing et al, (2000) where a prevalence of 1.1% was reported. However, our prevalence is lower than that previously reported by Aminu et al, (2008) and Tran et al, (2010) where a prevalence of 3.2% was obtained. The dual infection observed in this study may be attributable to either a single virus is responsible for the diarrhoea or the two viruses act in synergy.…”

Genotyping of gastroenteric viruses in hospitalised children: first report of norovirus GII.21 in Brazil

“…Previous reports have demonstrated that RVA and NoV are common causes of nosocomial infections; these reports cite evidence such as aerosol transmission (especially for NoV infection) and the contamination of environmental surfaces and fomites (Wilhelmi et al 2003, Tran et al 2010). Due to the short evaluation period of this study, the seasonality of the viruses could not be inferred; however, the timing of the RVA and NoV infections (p = 0.0149) confirmed previous findings demonstrating increased positivity during the driest months (June-August) of the year in Southwest Brazil (Bittencourt et al 2000, Araújo et al 2002, Carvalho-Costa et al 2006.…”

“…Previous reports have demonstrated that RVA and NoV are common causes of nosocomial diarrhoea in paediatric populations admitted to hospitals (Tran et al 2010). These viruses survive for extended periods under adverse environmental conditions and the morbidity of the viruses is associated with AGE infections (Bruijning-Verhagen et al 2012).…”

Wastewater Analysis Indicates that Genetically Diverse Astroviruses, Including Strains Belonging to Novel Clades MLB and VA, Are Circulating within Japanese Populations

“…The infections typically occur sporadically, and the cause of 2 to 10% of total viral gastroenteritis cases is attributed to HAstVs (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Astroviruses (AstVs) possess nonenveloped, icosahedrally shaped virions containing approximately 6,800 nucleotides (nt) of single-stranded positive-sense RNA (7).…”