Prevalence of SARS -CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies among patients in Zakho City, Kurdistan, Iraq

Saeed, Ali Yahya; Assafi, Mahde Saleh; Othman, Hemin E.; Shukri, Hogir Mohammed

doi:10.3855/jidc.15825

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Although 41.5% of the participants in the performed study previously experienced COVID-19-like symptoms, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG seronegativity reached 59.0% and 34.3% among them, respectively ( p < 0.05). These data were consistent with Iraqi and Iranian studies [ 29 , 34 ]. It is obvious from these results that humoral immune response was induced in some SARS-CoV-2-exposed persons only, and the lack of immunoglobulins in other cases may make them more susceptible to reinfection, especially with the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A high seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG (45.8%, and 42.3%, respectively) was detected in our study. These results are close to those reported in an Iraqi study in which the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG was 31.08 % and 26.58 %, respectively [ 29 ]. Lower rates of IgM and IgG seropositivity were also reported in Iran (22% and 33%, respectively) [ 30 ], USA (2.49% and 4.16%, respectively) [ 31 ], and Sweden (1.7% and 6.8%, respectively) [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Those persons could be a dangerous source for SARS-CoV-2 transmission by acting as asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers. Lower rates of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers were reported in Iraq, where anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG were detected at 17.19%, and 16.56% rates, respectively [ 29 ]. Likewise, it was reported that 18.0% of the tested asymptomatic persons were seropositive for the SARS-CoV-2 in Iran [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among Inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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(1) Backgrounds and Objectives: The global battle to contain the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing. This cross-sectional study aimed to detect the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among previously symptomatic/asymptomatic and vaccinated/unvaccinated inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: Blood samples of 400 participants were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG using colloidal gold immuno-chromatography lateral flow immunoassay cards. (3) Results: The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG positivity was 45.8% and 42.3%, respectively. Statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the previous RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2-RNA and positivity for IgM and/or IgG. The highest seroprevalence of IgM and IgG were detected among smokers, participants aged ≥ 40 years, and patients with chronic diseases. Although most of the participants (58.5%) did not previously experience COVID-19 like symptoms, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG seropositivity amongst them was 49.1% and 25.6%, respectively, with higher seroprevalence among males than females. At the time of the study, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rate at our locality in Saudi Arabia was 43.8% with statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001) between being vaccinated and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG positivity, with more positivity after receiving the second vaccine dose. (4) Conclusions: Public assessment reflects the real scale of the disease exposure among the community and helps in identifying the asymptomatic carriers that constitute a major problem for controlling the SARS-CoV-2. To limit the spread of the virus, rigorous implementation of large-scale SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological testing strategies should be empowered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among Inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2022

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“…In this study the male patients constitute (91%) of the cases and this agree with the study done in Iraq in 2021 [12], another study done in Iraq in 2021 [13],a study done in Bangladesh in 2020 [14] and a study done in Sweden in 2020 [15] which show that male constitute about (67%,63%, 69% and 62%) respectively. While in other studies like a study from China 2020 [16] and a study from Thailand in 2020 [17] which show that male constitute only (39.5% and 40%) respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in Newly Recovered Patients from Covid-19 Infection

A Lateef,,

K Attallah ,,

G Khalil ,

et al. 2023

djm

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues, causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) diagnostic assays are a goal standard for case ascertainment and diagnosis. Comparing to PCR, serological testing is advantageous with faster turn-around time, high-throughput and less workload. However, the clinical value of antibodies largely depends on the understanding of host antibody responses during infection. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)) in response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients newly recovered from different severity Covid-19 infection in Baquba-Iraq. Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study a (93) patients with recent covid-19 infection who came to the central blood bank of Diyala for convalescent plasma donation for the period from the 1st June 2020 till 1st August 2020 were enrolled. The questionnaire form were filled regarding the time of infection, clinical manifestations, severity and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. While blood were taken for antibody titer measurement using the SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG VIDAS test. Results: Male constitute about 91% of the study population. About 74% of the cases were below 40 years old. Fifty four of the patients had mild disease, 28% had moderate severity while the other 18% had severe type of the disease. fatigue and fever were the most common symptoms and seen in 87%,84% respectively. IgM Antibodies start to be positive before 21 days post infection mainly in mild and moderate cases 100%, While 0% of severe cases were positive at this time. After 49 day from the time of the infection 67%and 75% of the mild and moderate cases where IgM positive respectively and 100% of the severe cases where IgM positive. IgG Antibodies were positive in 100%, 0% of the mild and severe cases respectively at 21 day post infection but it's positive in 100% of both mild and severe cases after 49 day post infection. Conclusion: : Although the serological response for SARS-CoV-2 appears in the first three weeks from the disease onset this response differs from patient to another according to the time from the infection and the severity of the infection.

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“…In developed areas, RT-qPCR is highly operational at the national level, but it is not the case in developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, where this technique is not affordable for most health facilities, especially those from remote and/or hard-to-reach population areas. In addition, RT-qPCR-based estimates do not reflect the real circulation and spread of SARS–CoV–2 in populations, as this technique can give false-negative results especially at initial testing (i.e., at the first healthcare encounter) [ 3 ], and is commonly recommended for individuals presenting COVID-19-like respiratory signs and symptoms [ 4 ]. In this context, it is crucial to develop alternative methods to overcome these main limitations of molecular techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological surveillance reveals a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and altered immune response among COVID-19 unvaccinated Cameroonian individuals

Moguem Soubgui,

Ndeme Mboussi,

Kojom Foko

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Surveillance of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 dynamics is crucial to understanding natural history and providing insights into the population’s exposure risk and specific susceptibilities. This study investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, its predictors, and immunological status among unvaccinated patients in Cameroon. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted between January and September 2022 in the town of Douala. Patients were consecutively recruited, and data of interest were collected using a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine Immunoglobin titres (IgM and IgG), interferon gamma (IFN- γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by ELISA, and CD4+ cells by flow cytometry. A total of 342 patients aged 41.5 ± 13.9 years were included. Most participants (75.8%) were asymptomatic. The overall crude prevalence of IgM and IgG was 49.1% and 88.9%, respectively. After adjustment, the seroprevalence values were 51% for IgM and 93% for IgM. Ageusia and anosmia have displayed the highest positive predictive values (90.9% and 82.4%) and specificity (98.9% and 98.3%). The predictors of IgM seropositivity were being diabetic (aOR = 0.23, p = 0.01), frequently seeking healthcare (aOR = 1.97, p = 0.03), and diagnosed with ageusia (aOR = 20.63, p = 0.005), whereas those of IgG seropositivity included health facility (aOR = 0.15, p = 0.01), age of 40–50 years (aOR = 8.78, p = 0.01), married (aOR = 0.21, p = 0.02), fever (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.01), and ageusia (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.01). CD4+, IFN-γ, and IL-6 were impaired in seropositive individuals, with a confounding role of socio-demographic factors or comorbidities. Although the WHO declared the end of COVID-19 as a public health emergency, the findings of this study indicate the need for continuous surveillance to adequately control the disease in Cameroon.

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Prevalence of SARS -CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies among patients in Zakho City, Kurdistan, Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among Inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among Inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in Newly Recovered Patients from Covid-19 Infection

Serological surveillance reveals a high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and altered immune response among COVID-19 unvaccinated Cameroonian individuals

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