Prevalence of selected pathogens in western pond turtles and sympatric introduced red-eared sliders in California, USA

Silbernagel, Constance; Clifford, Deana L.; Bettaso, James B.; Worth, Stephen G.; Foley, Janet E.

doi:10.3354/dao02663

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The most prominent example is the slider turtle (Trachemys scripta; Fig. Exotic populations of slider turtles can have serious negative impacts in their exotic range, because they outcompete native species (Cadi & Joly, 2003Polo-Cavia et al, 2010 and transmit diseases and parasites, such as Mycoplasma bacteria and a variety of nematode species (Hidalgo-Vila et al, 2009;Silbernagel et al, 2013). The United States exported over 23.6 million slider turtles, between 1998 and 2002 alone, and the species has been introduced in at least 73 countries across all of the permanent ice-free continents (Lever, 2003;Schlaepfer et al, 2005;Kraus, 2009;Ficetola et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United States exported over 23.6 million slider turtles, between 1998 and 2002 alone, and the species has been introduced in at least 73 countries across all of the permanent ice-free continents (Lever, 2003;Schlaepfer et al, 2005;Kraus, 2009;Ficetola et al, 2012). Exotic populations of slider turtles can have serious negative impacts in their exotic range, because they outcompete native species (Cadi & Joly, 2003Polo-Cavia et al, 2010 and transmit diseases and parasites, such as Mycoplasma bacteria and a variety of nematode species (Hidalgo-Vila et al, 2009;Silbernagel et al, 2013). Pet turtles have also been recorded to transmit the bacteria Salmonella, which causes salmonellosis, to humans (Harris et al, 2009;Angulo et al, 2010;Hulme, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the biological invasion risk posed by the global wildlife trade: propagule pressure drives the introduction and establishment of Nearctic turtles

García‐Díaz

Ross

Ayres

et al. 2014

Global Change Biology

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Biological invasions are a key component of human-induced global change. The continuing increase in global wildlife trade has raised concerns about the parallel increase in the number of new invasive species. However, the factors that link the wildlife trade to the biological invasion process are still poorly understood. Moreover, there are analytical challenges in researching the role of global wildlife trade in biological invasions, particularly issues related to the under-reporting of introduced and established populations in areas with reduced sampling effort. In this work, we use high-quality data on the international trade in Nearctic turtles (1999-2009) coupled with a statistical modelling framework, which explicitly accounts for detection, to investigate the factors that influence the introduction (release, or escape into the wild) of globally traded Nearctic turtles and the establishment success (self-sustaining exotic populations) of slider turtles (Trachemys scripta), the most frequently traded turtle species. We found that the introduction of a species was influenced by the total number of turtles exported to a jurisdiction and the age at maturity of the species, while the establishment success of slider turtles was best associated with the propagule number (number of release events), and the number of native turtles in the jurisdiction of introduction. These results indicate both a direct and indirect association between the wildlife trade and the introduction of turtles and establishment success of slider turtles, respectively. Our results highlight the existence of gaps in the number of globally recorded introduction events and established populations of slider turtles, although the expected bias is low. We emphasize the importance of researching independently the factors that affect the different stages of the invasion pathway. Critically, we observe that the number of traded individuals might not always be an adequate proxy for propagule pressure and establishment success.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the biological invasion risk posed by the global wildlife trade: propagule pressure drives the introduction and establishment of Nearctic turtles

García‐Díaz

Ross

Ayres

et al. 2014

Global Change Biology

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“…Sequence analysis of portions of both the 16S-23S IGS and the 16S rRNA gene identified .99% sequence identity to a Mycoplasma sp. previously documented in a number of turtles of the family Emydidae including free-ranging eastern box turtles (Feldman et al 2006), western pond turtles (Emys marmorata), and red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) (Silbernagel et al 2013), and a captive ornate box turtle (Farkas and Gá l 2009). In the study by Feldman et al (2006), 7/23 turtles screened for Mycoplasma were PCR positive, and of the positive turtles, six were reported to have clinical signs of upper respiratory disease (URTD).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

AMycoplasmaSpecies of Emydidae Turtles in the Northeastern USA

Ossiboff

Raphael

Ammazzalorso

et al. 2015

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Mycoplasma infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality in captive and wild chelonians. As part of a health assessment of endangered bog turtles (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) in the northeastern US, choanal and cloacal swabs from these and other sympatric species, including spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata), eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina), wood turtles (Glyptemys insculpta), and common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) from 10 sampling sites in the states (US) of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, were tested by PCR for Mycoplasma. Of 108 turtles tested, 63 (58.3%) were PCR positive for Mycoplasma including 58 of 83 bog turtles (70%), three of three (100%) eastern box turtles, and two of 11 (18%) spotted turtles; all snapping turtles (n57) and wood turtles (n54) were negative. Sequence analysis of portions of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a single, unclassified species of Mycoplasma that has been previously reported in eastern box turtles, ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata), western pond turtles (Emys marmorata), and red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). We document a high incidence of Mycoplasma, in the absence of clinical disease, in wild emydid turtles. These findings, along with wide distribution of the identified Mycoplasma sp. across a broad geographic region, suggest this bacterium is likely a commensal inhabitant of bog turtles, and possibly other species of emydid turtles, in the northeastern US.

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“…Pomimo to, wyniki badań naukowych nie są kompletne i jednoznaczne. Często rozbieżne wnioski z takich analiz mogą wynikać ze stosowania różnych metod diagnostycznych, takich jak badania bakteriologiczne i serologiczne [11,13,23,29,43] lub wykrywanie materiału genetycznego zarazka metodą PCR [22,27,57,69], czy też wykorzystywania różnych rodzajów próbek (kał, wymazy z kloaki lub karapaksu, błona śluzowa jelit, osad z terrarium) [22,30,45,57,64]. Nie bez znaczenia na różnorodność otrzymywanych wyników badań laboratoryjnych ma też miejsce pochodzenia zwierząt: hodowle, ogrody zoologiczne lub środowisko -tak ich naturalnego zasięgu geograficznego, jak i obszarów, na których są one gatunkami obcymi.…”

Section: Salmonella Sppunclassified