Prevalence of serotypes of<i>Xanthomonas maltophilia</i>from world-wide sources

Schable, Barbara; Rhoden, D. L.; Jarvis, William R.; Miller, J. M.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800049803

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Phenotypic typing methods have been applied earlier in an attempt to elucidate the epidemiology of S. maltophilia but were often poorly discriminative because of a scarcity of interstrain variability manifested by the bacterium (Schable et al, 1992;Van Nuffel, 1991;Yang et al, 1993a, b). Recently, genotypic typing techniques have received growing attention.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic diversity of the genus Stenotrophomonas

Hauben

Vauterin

Moore

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

149

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The clinical and environmental importance of Stenotrophomonas bacteria requires thorough, molecular studies on their epidemiology and taxonomy. In order to obtain a complete genomic profile of this genus, over I00 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from various origins were investigated by AFLP fingerprinting. A subset of these strains was analysed by DNA hybridization and 16s rDNA sequencing. In contrast to their high phenotypic homogeneity, the strains were found to be very heterogeneous genotypically by AFLP fingerprinting. Nevertheless, ten cores of highly similar strains representing ten genomic groups were observed. The same groups could be retrieved by DNA hybridizations and also, partly, by 16s rDNA sequence analysis. The intergroup DNA similarities were too high to create confident species delineations, neither could the genomic groups be characterized by phenotypic features.1 Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, genomic groups, AFLP fingerprinting 1 INTRODUCTIONStenotrophomonas maltophilia (Palleroni & Bradbury, 1993), formerly named Pseudomonas maltophilia (Hugh, 198 1) and Xanthomonas maltophilia (Swings et al., 1983), is a commonly found ubiquitous bacterium. It is increasingly prevalent in hospitals as an opportunistic human pathogen causing nosocomial infections. The numerous recent literature reports, dealing with S. maltophilia infections and outbreaks, emphasize the importance of this rapidly emerging clinical pathogen. S . maltophilia is a causal agent of infection and colonization of immunocompromised cancer and HIV patients and transplant recipients (Nagai, 1984; Roilides et al., 1992;Spencer, 1995) and has been reported as a cause of bacteraemia and infections of the respiratory tracts (Fisher et al., 1981) and urinary tracts (Vartivarian et al., 1996), post-operative infections (Fisher et al., 198 l), ocular infections (Penland & Wilhelmus, 1996) and a variety of other disease syndromes . The low outer membrane permeability and the ability to produce plactamases with broad-spectrum activity are responsible for the high degree of resistance towards most commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillins and carbapenems (Mett et al., 1988 ; LescoBornet & Bergogne-Berezin, 1997 ;Norrby, 1995 ;Sanders & Sanders, 1992). Retrospective studies have shown that S. maltophilia is the second most frequently isolated nosocomial bacterium after Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Zuravleff & Yu, 1982) and that its impact as a multidrug-resistant pathogen increases significantly (Heath & Currie, 1995;Suzuki et al., 1995). The growing clinical importance of S . maltophilia infections has recently been reviewed by Denton & Kerr (1 998). In the environment, S . maltophilia has been isolated as a growth promoting or symbiotic agent from the rhizosphere of plants and crops including chicory, wheat and crucifers (Debette & Blondeau, 1980;Juhnke et al., 1987) Yao et al., 1995) and PFGE (Yao et al., 1995), only a few strains from the same intensive care unit showed identical genomic profiles, thus sugge...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic diversity of the genus Stenotrophomonas

Hauben

Vauterin

Moore

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

149

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The low interstrain variability of phenotypic typing methods in S. maltophilia (23,34) makes molecular techniques, particularly PFGE, widely accepted methods for epidemiological typing of this species (3,20,26). As previously demonstrated in S. maltophilia, PFGE under XbaI restriction is appropriate for tracing isolates and generating stable profiles in long-termcolonized patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Genetic Diversity among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strains Despite Their Originating at a Single Hospital

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The levels of genetic relatedness of 139 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains recovered from 105 hospitalized non-cystic fibrosis patients (51% from medical wards, 35% from intensive care units, and 14% from surgical wards) and 7 environmental sources in the same hospital setting during a 4-year period were typed by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. A total of 99 well-defined distinct XbaI PFGE patterns were identified (Simpson's discrimination index, 0.996). The dendrogram showed a Dice similarity coefficient ranging from 28 to 80%. Two major clusters (I and II), three minor clusters (III, IV, and V), and two independent branches were observed when using a 36% Dice coefficient, indicating a high diversity of genetic relatedness. It is of note that 84% of strains were grouped within two major clonal lineages. No special cluster gathering was found among strains belonging to the same sample type specimen, patients' infection or colonization status, and ward of precedence. Despite this fact, three different clones (A, B, and C) recovered from respiratory samples from six, three, and two patients, respectively, and two clones, D and E, in two bacteremic patients each, were identified. Isolation of an S. maltophilia strain belonging to the clone A profile in a bronchoscope demonstrated a common source from this clone. This study revealed a high genetic diversity of S. maltophilia isolates despite their origin from a single hospital, which may be related to the wide environmental distribution of this pathogen. However, few clones could be transmitted among different patients, yielding outbreak situations.

show abstract

“…Somatic O antigens and flagellar H antigens have been described (186). A total of 31 O antigens have been identified, and these have been used to type S. maltophilia in epidemiological studies (220,374,375). The structures of seven of these antigens, including O3, which represents the most frequently occurring serotype, have been determined (98,292,(448)(449)(450)(451)(452).…”

Section: Cellular Constituents and Antigenic Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of typing schemes have been developed in an attempt to elucidate the epidemiology of infections caused by S. maltophilia, and they have been used, with various degrees of success, to investigate nosocomial outbreaks. Phenotypic methods include serotyping based on heat-stable O antigens (220,374,375,433) and lipopolysaccharide typing (12).…”

Section: Typing Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The gram-negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. Infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. Management of S. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. These difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as yet, no formal guidelines. Despite its acknowledged importance as a nosocomial pathogen, little is known of the epidemiology of S. maltophilia, and although it is considered an environmental bacterium, its sources and reservoirs are often not readily apparent. Molecular typing systems may contribute to our knowledge of the epidemiology of S. maltophilia infection, thus allowing the development of strategies to interrupt the transmission of the bacterium in the hospital setting. Even less is known of pathogenic mechanisms and putative virulence factors involved in the natural history of S. maltophilia infection and this, coupled with difficulties in distinguishing colonization from true infection, has fostered the view that the bacterium is essentially nonpathogenic. This article aims to review the current taxonomic status of S. maltophilia, and it discusses the laboratory identification of the bacterium. The epidemiology of the organism is considered with particular reference to nosocomial outbreaks, several of which have been investigated by molecular typing techniques. Risk factors for acquisition of the bacterium are also reviewed, and the ever-expanding spectrum of clinical syndromes associated with S. maltophilia is surveyed. Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, pitfalls in in vitro susceptibility testing, and therapy of S. maltophilia infections are also discussed.

show abstract

Prevalence of serotypes ofXanthomonas maltophiliafrom world-wide sources

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Genomic diversity of the genus Stenotrophomonas

Genomic diversity of the genus Stenotrophomonas

High Genetic Diversity among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strains Despite Their Originating at a Single Hospital

Microbiological and Clinical Aspects of Infection Associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About