Prevalence of serum antibody titres against feline panleukopenia, herpesvirus and calicivirus infections in stray cats of Milan, Italy

Dall’Ara, P.; Labriola, Chiara; Sala, Emanuela; Spada, Eva; Magistrelli, Sonia; Lauzi, Stefania

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.010

Cited by 29 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Unlike several other studies in which FPV seropositivity was associated with age >6 months or age >1 year, reflecting an increasing likelihood of exposure over time, and especially within the first year of life, we did not find an association with age [9,12,13].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Although it is likely that some cats of unknown vaccination status were in fact vaccinated, there was no significant difference in seroprotection prevalence between this group and unvaccinated cats. Serosurveillance of unvaccinated domestic cats in other countries revealed an FPV seroprevalence ranging from 8% to 96%, although <50% of cats were seropositive in 7 of 10 studies [9,12,13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27] (Table 4). We used a cut-off HI titre of 1:40 to define seroprotection to allow comparison with the majority of published studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FPV seroprevalence data among shelter-housed cats or owned cats in Australia have not been reported previously. Factors associated with FPV seropositivity in other regions include previous vaccination [11], increasing age, being owned, and being desexed [8,9,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia

Jenkins

Carrai

Ward

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Multiple, epizootic outbreaks of feline panleukopenia (FPL) caused by feline parvovirus (FPV) occurred in eastern Australia between 2014 and 2018. Most affected cats were unvaccinated. We hypothesised that low population immunity was a major driver of re-emergent FPL. The aim of this study was to (i) determine the prevalence and predictors of seroprotective titres to FPV among shelter-housed and owned cats, and (ii) compare the prevalence of seroprotection between a region affected and unaffected by FPL outbreaks. FPV antibodies were detected by haemagglutination inhibition assay on sera from 523 cats and titres ≥1:40 were considered protective. Socioeconomic indices based on postcode and census data were included in the risk factor analysis. The prevalence of protective FPV antibody titres was high overall (94.3%), even though only 42% of cats were known to be vaccinated, and was not significantly different between outbreak and non-outbreak regions. On multivariable logistic regression analysis vaccinated cats were 29.94 times more likely to have protective FPV titres than cats not known to be vaccinated. Cats from postcodes of relatively less socioeconomic disadvantage were 5.93 times more likely to have protective FPV titres. The predictors identified for FPV seroprotective titres indicate targeted vaccination strategies in regions of socioeconomic disadvantage would be beneficial to increase population immunity. The critical level of vaccine coverage required to halt FPV transmission and prevent FPL outbreaks should be determined.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia

Jenkins

Carrai

Ward

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Due to the high percentage of recently vaccinated cats and the low percentage of not adequately vaccinated animals (not recently vaccinated and unvaccinated cats), our results suggest that the cat population of this study may be well protected (considering the aforementioned "herd immunity" concept). However, it has to be reminded that a recent vaccination may not necessarily imply that the cat has protective immunity [20]. Our results also suggest that the non-vaccination movement that has been reported in Italy in human medicine is apparently not a problem in veterinary medicine as it is likely not present at the moment among pet owners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

A survey of Italian cat owners’ attitudes towards cat vaccination through a web-based questionnaire

Filipe

Pina²,

Lauzi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Vaccination plays an important role in feline healthcare as it is the most effective measure for prevention against feline infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to know owners’ opinion towards cats’ vaccination and current veterinary practices in order to advice owners on the use of the correct vaccination protocol. This study aimed to identify factors motivating cat owners’ decisions related to vaccination in Italy. A questionnaire was disseminated online (mainly via social networks) to collect data regarding Italian cat owners’ demographics, information about cats, factors regarding vaccination of cats, and veterinary-owner relationship. Results: The majority (90.7%; n=1,131) of cats were vaccinated and 80% (n=998) had been vaccinated within the last three years. Cats 2-4 years old and origin from a breeder or cat shops had a high significant positive impact on the vaccination within the last three years status of cats. Vaccination before the three year period was significantly associated with the importance of cat’s indoor lifestyle, cats ≥ 5 years old and low annual household. The importance for cost vaccination, low annual household income and jobs of owner not related to healthcare had a significant impact on the unvaccination status of cats. In addition, 85.8% of owners present their cat regularly to veterinary clinics. Veterinarians play a significant role in owners’ decision and they are considered the most useful source of information about vaccination by 97.3% of owners. Conclusions: These results could help veterinarians to acquire a greater compliance from owners and better adapt vaccination protocols.

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“…Sociologically, higher social group density is associated with female reproductive suppression (34,35), reduced body condition and fecundity (36), and increased bite wounding among male badgers (37). Furthermore, aging reduces tolerance to stress (38), specifically altering the balance of innate and acquired immunity in badgers (39), and increasing their risk of herpesvirus reactivation (20), as also observed in other carnivora species (40,41), sometimes resulting in chronic and continuous herpesvirus reactivation (42). Therefore metrics of body condition, especially reduced body-condition as a consequence of recent lactation (30,43), can indicate that the individual may be experiencing physiological stress (30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Patterns ofMustelid gammaherpesvirus 1(MusGHV-1) genital reactivation linked to stressors in adult European badgers (Meles meles)

Tsai

François

Newman

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Herpesvirus infections are common and mostly asymptomatic in vertebrates, but can result in impaired reproduction. It is therefore important to understand infection patterns and associated risk factors, particularly the effects of different stressors. Here we use Mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV-1) infection in European badgers (Meles meles) as a host-pathogen wildlife model to study the effects of a variety of demographic, social, physiological and environmental stressors on viral reactivation in the genital tract. We collected 251 genital swabs from 151 free-ranging individuals across 3 trapping seasons (spring, summer and autumn). We screened for MusGHV-1 using PCR and explored possible links between genital MusGHV-1 reactivation and stressors, and their interactions, using logistic regression. In adults, reactivation was more likely in males, especially those in poorer body condition during summer. In females, reactivation was more likely when living in social groups comprising a higher percentage of cubs, but counter to our predictions, recent lactation appeared not influential. In relation to age, reactivation was more common in individuals over 8 years old than among prime age adults, and among juveniles (<2 years old), especially females and individuals in better body condition, likely due to early puberty. Environmentally, reactivation was more prevalent in summer when food abundance is typically low. Our results evidence age effects on MusGHV-1 reactivation; in juveniles MusGHV-1 shedding in the genital tract is likely related to primary infection, while in adults, genital MusGHV-1 reactivation from latency was associated with aging, social and/ or environmental stress.ImportanceThe immuno-suppressive effects of elevated stress levels facilitate disease development, and can ultimately cause host extinction at the population level, especially where diseases are transmitted sexually. The impacts of stress on host-pathogen dynamics through disease, however, are still poorly understood outside the laboratory or captive environments. Our study provides rare evidence from a free-ranging wild mammal population that the infection dynamics of a common and sexually transmittable gammaherpesvirus are linked to demographic, social, physiological and environmental stress. We propose that the effects of stressors on STIs and viral reactivation are an important factor to be taken into account in conservation efforts when working with vulnerable wildlife populations.

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Prevalence of serum antibody titres against feline panleukopenia, herpesvirus and calicivirus infections in stray cats of Milan, Italy

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia

Feline Parvovirus Seroprevalence Is High in Domestic Cats from Disease Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Regions in Australia

A survey of Italian cat owners’ attitudes towards cat vaccination through a web-based questionnaire

Patterns ofMustelid gammaherpesvirus 1(MusGHV-1) genital reactivation linked to stressors in adult European badgers (Meles meles)

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