Prevalence of Severe Anemia (Hb ≤ 5 g/dl) in Non-Dialyzed Chronic Renal Failure Patients in the Nephrology and Hemodialysis Department of Point G University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 for at least three (3) months. Anemia is one of its most common complications. Anemia increases the risk factor for cardiovascular mortality by 18% per gram of hemoglobin loss. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of this severe anemia, to determine the indications for transfusion, the complications related to this anemia, the evolution and the prognosis of these patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over 18 months (January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018) that included hospitalized CRF patients. Were included, non-dialyzed chronic renal failure patients with Hb ≤ 5 g/dl hospitalized during the said period. Not included were chronic renal failure patients with an Hb level ≥ 5 g/dl, those followed up and/or hospitalized outside the study period. Results: Among 1176 patients, 26 had severe anemia (Hb level ≤ 5 g/dl) on CRF, a prevalence of 2.21%. The mean age was 40 years ± 32.62 with extremes of 15 and 67 years. Seventeen women and 9 men. The etiology of chronic renal failure (CRF) was hypertensive vascular nephropathy in 50% of cases. CRF was end-stage in 18 patients (69.2%). The mean hemoglobin level was 4.10 g/dl ± 0.64 with extremes of 2 and 5 g/dl. The anemia was microcytic hypochromic in 50% and aregenerative (96.2%). The main symptoms were asthenia in 20 cases (76.9%), dizziness in 20 cases (76.9%), exertional dyspnea in 19 cases (73.1%).

Factors Associated with Haemolytic Anaemia in the Internal Medicine Department of the Douala General Hospital in Cameroon

“…We found that impairment of general condition was the main reason for hospitalization with a proportion of 30.2%. This result was different from that of Open Journal of Blood Diseases Seydou et al who noted renal failure in 85.2% of cases [10]. Pallor and asthenia were the most common clinical signs with prevalences of 88.3% and 86% respectively.…”

“…Haemolytic anaemia is a relatively rare condition as epidemiological studies have found an incidence of approximately 3 cases/100,000 population per year in the Western world [5]. This figure does not reflect reality, as it does not take into account the forms associated with other pathologies that are sometimes in the forefront [10]. In 2021, Garrigue et al found a prevalence of 65.7% in France [11].…”

“…In Mali, Seydou et al noted a prevalence of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of 4.7% in the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the Point G University Hospital [10].…”

Characteristics and complications of fracture in older adults with chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

“…Therefore, long-term chronic anemia can be used to explain other complications, especially the cardiovascular system. Seydou Sy et al pointed out in the latest study in 2021 that anemia was closely related to myocardial hypertrophy [ 37 ]. As CKD patients are often complicated with sodium and water retention in the body, chronic anemia and hypoxia, the heart has a long-term compensatory function to ensure sufficient oxygen supply to the peripheral circulation.…”