Prevalence of sexual violence in Brazil: associated individual and contextual factors

Silva, Janmille Valdivino da; Roncalli, Angelo Guiseppe

doi:10.1007/s00038-018-1136-0

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similarly, the construct of disparity conditions was discussed in regard to personal financial struggles, which aligns with literature stating that unemployment and lower income have been linked to IPV [8]. Moreover, sexual violence has been found to be more common in areas with lower education, lower income, and higher unemployment in Brazil [26]. Participants described gendered patterns of violence and one participant explicitly articulated the role of sexism in gender-based violence, which suggests that underlying sexism may be considered a disparity condition in syndemic models.…”

Section: Evidence For Syndemic Social Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Social comorbidities? A qualitative study mapping syndemic theory onto gender-based violence and co-occurring social phenomena among Brazilian women

Hall

Evans

2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: Gender-based violence is a globally recognized social problem impacting women and girls worldwide. Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents the most common form of gender-based violence. Among the countries grappling with gender-based violence is Brazil, which has identified high rates of IPV along with co-occurring social conditions such as adverse childhood experiences, community violence, and substance use. While the syndemic framework has incorporated IPV into understandings of HIV and other diseases, none have explicitly applied syndemic framework to understand IPV and co-occurring social conditions-referred to here as "social comorbidities"-in the absence of a biological outcome. This study aims to: (1) Examine perspectives on violence and relevant social comorbidities (substance use, community violence, and childhood abuse) among women living in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil; and (2) Apply the syndemic framework to a set of social comorbidities among women living in Santo André, São Paulo State, Brazil. Methods: This thematic analysis applies a syndemic framework to 28 in-depth interviews with women in Santo André, Brazil. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim in Portuguese. Our analysis examined themes relating to IPV, community violence, substance use, and other individual experiences and community issues using syndemics as an organizing framework (e.g. diseases, adverse interactions, disparity conditions, and enhanced disease transmission). Results: Most participants described experiencing multiple social comorbidities including IPV, adverse childhood experiences, community violence, family violence, and substance use. Adverse interactions included increased financial conflicts, a sense of isolation, and increased severity of violence due to substance use. Long term enhanced "disease" progression included injury, increased mental health symptoms, femicide, and death. Conclusions: Our results suggest that using a syndemic framework to understand IPV in the context of social comorbidities could be useful for understanding how these social phenomena may mutually reinforce each other and cause adverse interactions. Similar applications across other social phenomena may also be possible.

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Section: Evidence For Syndemic Social Comorbiditiesmentioning

confidence: 54%

Social comorbidities? A qualitative study mapping syndemic theory onto gender-based violence and co-occurring social phenomena among Brazilian women

Hall

Evans

2020

BMC Public Health

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“…It is clearly observed that girls are the most affected. In almost all the studies, the number of girls who suffered a sexual abuse was bigger than the number of boys [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the social context, these cases are permeated by misconceptions regarding gender identity or sexual orientation of the victim, contributing to a lesser visibility of male sexual abuse as a public health problem [13]. Besides that, da Silva & Roncalli [2] affirm that men tend to have less access to health services when compared to women. Although a tremendous amount of men suffers this type of violence, women are still the main victims in all age groups whichcharacterizes a marked gender violence [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Abuse: Social Inequality and Poverty

Irp¹,

Fa²,

J³

et al. 2021

Int Arch Public Health Community Med

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to prove it, mainly when its victims are children and adolescents. Most of the time, the victims feel ashamed and embarrassed of denouncing this kind of tragedy. This creates an unfavorable scenario and increases the difficulty to help the victims and their families with their multiple pains, including the physical as well as the emotional harms [1]. Child Sex Abuse (CSA) sets up also as a gender and race problem, because it affects mainly girls and black girls; in addition, the crime is committed more than 90% of times by males [2-8].Every day, thousands of children are abused in places that were supposed to be safe. Several studies show that the most common places where this kind of crime occurs were at home and school, not to mention that such atrocity is perpetrated by those who are close to the victim [1,3,4,6,7,9].Sexual abuse is a harmful, humiliating, and traumatic experience to the physical and mental health of men and women with immediate and late consequences. When it comes to immediate repercussions victims usually experience suicidal thoughts, mental disturbs, behavioral disturb, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [10], and regarding the late consequences, they stumble upon senile depression, and high risk of suicide in elder individuals [11]. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the psychiatric and psychological repercussion of children and adolescents, victims of CSA in Brazil. MethodsA systematic literature search was performed

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“…The mean age of marriage in Switzerland is 30 years and the mean age in our sample was <26 years. Moreover, in low-and middle-income countries, low income and education levels as well as higher rates of forced marriage under the age of 18 years have been shown to be independent risk factors of sexual violence, particularly against minors [6,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Care of women and girls after sexual assault in Geneva: A descriptive study between 2005 and 2014

Gauthier

Abdulcadir

Fracasso

et al. 2021

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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Background and purpose: We aimed to examine epidemiological data and identify risk factors for sexual assault. This study included women seeking care at the Geneva University Hospitals emergency obstetrics and gynaecological unit. Method: Retrospective, sociodemographic, and clinical data were collected from the medical reports. Results: We reviewed 836 medical charts and registered 92.8 women and girls per year who consulted the emergency department after sexual assault. The average age was 26 (±12) years, with a median of 23 years. Body lesions were reported in 525 patients (63%) and genital traumatic lesions were reported in 230 (28%) patients. Sexual assault by a stranger was reported in 436 cases (52%). Thirty percent of patients knew their aggressor. Aggressions were predominantly committed on the weekend, accounting for 367 cases (46%), with nearly two-thirds (65%, n = 474) occurring between 10 pm and 6 am. In total, 399 (48%) patients who were sexually assaulted reported having consumed alcohol and 102 (12%) reported having taken drugs prior to the aggression; 80 (10%) patients had consumed both and 286 (34%) had amnesia. Half of the sample sought and received medical care within 24 h from the time the aggression took place. Conclusion: Sexual assault risk factors in our study population in Geneva included use of drugs and alcohol, with amnesia. Future prevention and education interventions should target these areas.

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Prevalence of sexual violence in Brazil: associated individual and contextual factors

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Social comorbidities? A qualitative study mapping syndemic theory onto gender-based violence and co-occurring social phenomena among Brazilian women

Social comorbidities? A qualitative study mapping syndemic theory onto gender-based violence and co-occurring social phenomena among Brazilian women

Sexual Abuse: Social Inequality and Poverty

Care of women and girls after sexual assault in Geneva: A descriptive study between 2005 and 2014

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