Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing among adolescents and its association with the presence of obesity and hypertension

Abstract

Introduction:The increased prevalence of sleepdisordered breathing (SDB) and its association with obesity and hypertension (HTN) have not been thoroughly explored in adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SDB and snoring in this population and analyze its association with obesity and HTN. Population and methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in a sample of adolescents. Weight, height, waist and neck circumference, and blood pressure were measured, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was administered. Results: A total of 826 adolescents participated, 58 (7 %) had SDB (males: 5.8 %; females: 8 %), and 80 (9.7 %) were considered snorers (males: 10.4 %; females: 9.1 %). Overweight and obesity were detected in 216 (26.2 %) and 149 (18 %) participants, respectively. A higher proportion of subjects with obesity had SDB compared to those who were not obese (12.8 % versus 5.8 %; p = 0.004). The same association was observed with snoring (18.2 % versus 7.8 %; p < 0.001). Also, 24.6 % slept less than 8 hours a day and 12.6 % had values compatible with HTN, with a significant association with obesity and sleep hours. Conclusion:A high prevalence of SDB and snoring was observed in adolescents, together with an association with obesity and HTN, which highlights the relevance of addressing this problem in an early manner in order to prevent complications.

Overweight/Obese Status Synergistically Worsens Nocturnal Time-to-Time Blood Pressure in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

“…However, there was no positive correlation between OAHI and BP after regression analysis. 10 , 11 , 23 , 24 Many studies did not have very large samples, and we believe that this lack of correlation may be due to the counteracting of BP-related effects in children with mild-to-moderate OSA and severe OSA, giving an overall result of OAHI that is not significantly associated with BP in regression models. The association between OSA and BP could be found significantly when the sample size is sufficiently large and there is a sufficient proportion of participants with severe OSA and obesity.…”

Fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em crianças e adolescentes: revisão de literatura

“…O estudo de Ostalska-Nowicka 19 encontrou relação positiva ao estimar a potencial associação em estudo transversal entre cárie dentária e HAS, justificando a causa da HAS geralmente é desconhecida e pode resultar de inflamação sistêmica relacionada à condição de cárie dentária. Também foi encontrada associação positiva quando estudada a relação do aumento da PA com ronco e os distúrbios de sono, 20 bem como com a má qualidade/quantidade de horas de sono. 34,36,39 Um estudo de coorte prospectivo com uma população de jovens hipertensos buscou avaliar a correlação do nível sérico de salusina-β (que são peptídeos bioativos endógenos recentemente identificados que apresentam efeitos hipotensivos e bradicardíacos, e estão envolvidos na patogênese da aterosclerose humana) e as variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais e de PA, encontrando correlação positiva em pacientes com HAS, sugerindo que a salusina-β pode desempenhar um papel importante na patogênese da HAS em uma população jovem.…”