Prevalence of sorghum diseases in Nigeria†

Abstract

A survey was conducted In farmers f~olds In N~ger~a durlng the 1990 cropplng season to determlne the prevalence of sorghum dlseases In the four major sorghum-grow~ng cl~mat~c zones (Sahel Sudan, northern Gulnea and southern Gu~nea) The follar dlseases anthracnose (Colletotrichum gram~nicola). oval leaf spot (Ramulispora sorgh~cola), sooty strlpe (Ramul~ spora sorghi) and grey leaf spot (Cercospora sorghi) were w~dely dlstrlbuted Anthracnose was predominant throughout the areas s u ~e y e d wlth -40% leaf area covered or destroyed by les~ons In 70% of the surveyed f~elds The lnc~dence of other follar dlseases was low Among the panlcle dlseases long smut (Tolyposporium

Evaluation of Ethiopian sorghum accessions for resistance against Colletotrichum sublineolum

“…The disease is easily recognized by the characteristic symptoms of circular to elliptical red spots with few to numerous acervuli on leaf laminas (Tarr 1962;Marley et al 2004). Sorghum anthracnose occurs in all sorghum growing regions of the world (Pande et al 1993;Ngugi et al 2002), causing yield losses as high as 50% (Harris et al 1964;Powell et al 1977).…”

Current Status of Sorghum Smuts in Nigeria

“…A recent report by Pande et al (1997) supports this findings. The disease appears to have also increased in the SGS as results obtained in this survey indicated higher incidence than other reports (e.g., Adeoti, 1993;Pande et al, 1993). Reports by Tyagi (1980) and Selvaraj (1980) had indicated that traditional cultivars were more susceptible than improved cultivars.…”

“…Disease severity based on a 1-9 rating scale, where 1 = clean panicle with no infection, 2 = <1% seeds infected/head, 3 = 1-5% seeds infected/head, 4 = 6-10% seeds infected/head, 5 = 11-20% seeds infected/head, 6 = 21-35% seeds infected/head, 7 = 36-50% seeds infected/head, 8 = 51-75% seeds infected/head and 9 = >75% seeds infected/ head. The first elaborate attempt at showing the distribution of smuts in Nigeria was reported by Selvaraj (1980) based on surveys conducted from 1975 to 1978 while Pande et al (1993) further reviewed the status of these diseases on sorghum in Nigeria.…”

“…In each field, the method of sampling was modified from Pande et al (1993), where the field was divided into four quadrants and in each quadrant, 50 plants on 10 randomly chosen rows were assessed for incidence and severity of the different smuts. The incidence in each field at a location was used to calculate the location average and the incidence at each location was used to calculate the incidence of each smut per zone.…”

Efficacy of seed treatment with Apron Star 42 WS and foliar application of emulsified neem (Azadirachta indica, A. Juss) seed oil in the control of sorghum (Sorghum bicolarL. Moench) anthracnose in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

“…The disease is widespread in the sorghum growing areas in Nigeria (Pande et al 1993). It is Correspondence: B. S. Bdliya, Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, P. M. B.…”