Prevalence of spelling errors affects reading behavior across
                        languages.

Kuperman, Victor; Bar-On, Amalia; Bertram, Raymond; Boshra, Rober; Deutsch, Avital; Kyröläinen, Aki-Juhani; Mathiopoulou, Varvara; Oralova, Gaisha; Protopapas, Athanassios

doi:10.1037/xge0001038

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that our study has applied implications. Consistent with previous studies ( Liu et al, 2014 ; Kuperman et al, 2021 ), our study shows that misspelled characters negatively affect word recognition and reading comprehension. Therefore, improving the writing quality (correct spelling) of words is particularly critical for fluency in reading.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…As in previous studies, we addressed this issue by using the error disruption paradigm and manipulating three types of commonly misspelled characters (homographic errors, homophonic errors, and omitted stroke errors) of the initial target character in a sentence. Character misspelling is a common error that appears in written text, and research indicates that misspelled words interfere with lexical processing during normal reading ( Kuperman et al, 2021 ). However, these words with spelling errors also provide insight into the mechanisms of lexical access in reading, which have significant implications for enriching eye movement theory in reading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of orthographic and phonological processing during reading Chinese sentences: Evidence from eye movements

Lijuan,

Yingying,

Zhiwei

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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The role of phonological and orthographic processing and their time course during lexical processing and sentence reading remain controversial. By adopting a misspelled-characters disruption paradigm and eye-tracking technique, we manipulated the writing for the first characters of two-character target words to investigate the relative role of orthographic and phonological processing on word recognition in Chinese reading. There are four conditions: (a) correct character, (b) misspelled character with a stroke missing, (c) misspelled homographic character, and (d) misspelled homophonic character. The results showed that homophonic errors caused more disruptions than other conditions in the early (first-pass reading times) and later (total reading time) stages of lexical processing during Chinese reading. Homographic errors and omitted stroke errors lead to equal disruptions at the early stage of word recognition, but homographic errors cause more disruptions at the later stage. These results suggest that orthography plays a dominant role in word recognition during Chinese reading, whereas phonology plays a weaker and more limited role. The direct access and dual-rote hypothesis may well explain the mechanism of lexical processing in Chinese reading.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of orthographic and phonological processing during reading Chinese sentences: Evidence from eye movements

Lijuan,

Yingying,

Zhiwei

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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show abstract

“…Individuals develop precise representations of the word's spelling, pronunciation, and meaning for commonly encountered words, forming strong connections between these components 51 . Reading printed words leaves memory traces of the word's orthographic, phonological, and semantic features 52,53 . Misspellings are not merely the result of poor orthographic representations but are integrated into the mental lexicon as surface-level variations of the correct word 25,50,50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misspelled Logotypes: The Hidden Threat to Brand Identity

Rocabado

Perea

Duñabeitia³

2023

Preprint

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Brand names are valuable company assets often accompanied by a unique graphical composition (i.e., as logotypes). Recent research has demonstrated that this uniqueness makes brand names and logotypes susceptible to counterfeiting through misspelling by transposition in tasks that require participants to identify correct spellings. However, our understanding of how brand names are incidentally processed when presented as logotypes is incomplete. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a virtual reality experiment to explore the transposed-letter confusability effect on brand name recognition. Participants were immersed in a virtual reality setting and incidentally exposed to logotypes that had correctly spelled brand names or included letter transpositions. Offline analyses revealed that participants were more accurate at recognizing brand names that had been presented with correct spellings than those that had been misspelled. Furthermore, participants exhibited false memory for misspelled logotypes, recalling them as if they had been spelled correctly. Thus, the present virtual reality experiment provides compelling evidence of the vulnerability of popular logotypes to counterfeiting via the misspelling of brand names.

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“…Individuals develop precise representations of the word's spelling, pronunciation, and meaning for commonly encountered words, forming strong connections between these components 56 . Reading printed words leaves memory traces of the word's orthographic, phonological, and semantic features 57,58 . Misspellings are not merely the result of poor orthographic representations but are integrated into the mental lexicon as surface-level variations of the correct word 29,30,55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Misspelled logotypes: the hidden threat to brand identity

Rocabado,

Perea,

Duñabeitia

2023

Sci Rep

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Brand names are valuable company assets often accompanied by a unique graphical composition (i.e., as logotypes). Recent research has demonstrated that this uniqueness makes brand names and logotypes susceptible to counterfeiting through misspelling by transposition in tasks that require participants to identify correct spellings. However, our understanding of how brand names are incidentally processed when presented as logotypes is incomplete. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a virtual reality experiment to explore the transposed-letter confusability effect on brand name recognition. Participants were immersed in a virtual reality setting and incidentally exposed to logotypes that had correctly spelled brand names or included letter transpositions. Offline analyses revealed that participants were more accurate at recognizing brand names that had been presented with correct spellings than those that had been misspelled. Furthermore, participants exhibited false memories for misspelled logotypes, recalling them as if they had been spelled correctly. Thus, our findings revealed that the incidental processing of misspelled logotypes (e.g., SASMUNG) affects the accuracy of logotype identity recognition, thereby underscoring the challenges faced by individuals when identifying brand names and the elements that make counterfeits so effective.

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Prevalence of spelling errors affects reading behavior across languages.

Cited by 7 publications

References 81 publications

The role of orthographic and phonological processing during reading Chinese sentences: Evidence from eye movements

The role of orthographic and phonological processing during reading Chinese sentences: Evidence from eye movements

Misspelled Logotypes: The Hidden Threat to Brand Identity

Misspelled logotypes: the hidden threat to brand identity

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