Prevalence of staphylococcal toxin in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp.: Protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Food contamination by Staphylococcus spp. enterotoxigenic strains is quite common and despite underreporting caused by the short duration of clinical symptoms and lack of medical care, staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common Foodborne Diseases (FBD) in the world. This study describes a systematic review protocol with meta-analysis on the prevalence and types of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food, and the profile of contaminated foods. Methods The research will be conducted through the selection of studies reporting the analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food contaminated by Staphylococcus spp. Searches will happen on the following databases: Medline (OVID), GALE, Science Direct, CAB Direct (CABI), Google Scholar, in addition to manual search in the list of references of articles, directory of theses and dissertations, and countries’ health agencies. Reports will be imported into the application Rayyan. Two researchers will independently select studies and extract data, and a third reviewer will solve conflicting decisions. The primary outcome will be the identification of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food, and the secondary outcomes will include staphylococcal enterotoxin types and foods involved. To assess the risk of bias in the studies, the tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) will be used. For data synthesis, a meta-analysis will be performed. However, in case that is not possible, a narrative synthesis of the most relevant results will be carried out. Discussion This protocol will serve as the basis for a systematic review that aims to relate the results of existing studies on the staphylococcal enterotoxin prevalence and types in food, and the profile of the contaminated foods. The results will broaden the perception of food safety risks, highlight existing literature gaps, contribute to the study of the epidemiological profile and may guide the allocation of health resources for the development of preventive measures related. Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021258223.

In vitro and in vivo Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Selenium Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus Supported with Toxicopathological and Behavioral Studies in Rats

“…According to (Gomes and Henriques 2016), this bacterium results in significant economic losses, including a sharp fall in milk sales, problems during reproduction, costs associated with culling affected animals, higher veterinary medicine expenditures, and the need to replace tainted milk. Additionally, S. aureusproduced milk contains a variety of toxins and enzymes that can cause serious food-borne illnesses (Freitas et al 2023). They are also linked to the clinical, subclinical, and recurring infections of bovine mastitis, and their persistence in cells can create a reservoir for relapsing infection (Zhou et al 2018).…”